Bibliographie

Ali, S.I. & Jafri, S.M.H. (eds.) 1976-1990. Flora of Libya. University Al Faateh. Trípoli. 150 fascículos.

Barry, J.P. & Celles, J.C. 1991. Flore de Mauritanie. Institut Superieur Scientifique de Nouakchott Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis. Nice. 2 Vols.

Berhaut, J. 1971-1988. Flore illustrée du Sénégal. Ed. Clairafrique. Dakar. 7 Vols.

Boulos L.  (1999-2005). Flora of Egypt. Al Haddara Publishing (ed.), Cairo. 4 Vols.

Castroviejo, S. (Coord. gen.). 1986-2018. Flora iberica. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid. 21 vols.

Cesar J, & C. Chatelain. 2019. Flore illustrée du Tchad. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, Univ. N’Djaména, Coopèration Suisse.

Cuenod, A. 1954. Flore Analytique et Synoptique de la Tunisie. Cryptogames vasculaires, Gymnospermes et Monocotylédones. Ofic. Exp. Vulg. Agr. Tunisie. Tunis.

Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. 2010-2013. Index Synonimique Flore d’Afrique du Nord. Éditions des Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève. 5 vols.

Fennane M., Ibn Tattou, M., Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A. & El Oualidi. J. (eds.). 1999-2014. Flore pratique du Maroc. Manuel de détermination des plantes vasculaires. Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique Rabat, Série Botanique. 3 Vols.

Hedberg, I., Edwards, S., Friis, I., Persson, E., Tadesse, M., Nemomissa, S., Demissew, S. 1989-2009. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. National Herbarium, Biology Department, Science Faculty, Addis Abeba University  & Department of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University. Addis Abeba & Uppsala. 8 Vols.

Lebrun J.-P. & A. Stork. 2003-2020. Tropical African flowering Plants. Ecology and distribution. 11 vols. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève.

Maire, R. 1952-1986. Flore de l’Afrique du Nord. Ed. Lechevalier. Paris. Ouvrage inachevé du fait du décès de l’auteur. Sur les 20 volumes qu’il a écrits, seulement 16 sont parus.

Ozenda, P. (1977, 1ère édition. 1991, 3ième édition revue et augmentée. 2004, réimpression du 3ième). Flore et végétation du Sahara. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. París. 665 pp.

Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d’Italia. Deuxième édition 4 vols. +  Flora digitale de Guarino, R. & La Rosa, M. 2017-2019. Edagricole.

Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979-1981. Flore de la Tunisie. Minist. Ens. Sup. Rech. Sci. et Minist. Agr.. Tunis. 2 Vols. Estos volúmenes son la continuación de la Flore Analytique et Synoptique de la Tunisie de Cuenod (1954).

Quézel, P. & Santa, S. (1962-1963). Nouvelle Flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques  méridionales.  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. París. 2 Vols. https://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/flore/html/index.html

Thulin, M. 1993-2006. Flora of Somalia. vol. 1-4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Zohary, M. & Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1966-1986. Flora Palaestina. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. Les 2 premiers tomes publiés par Zohary en 1966 et 1972, les 2 autres par Feinbrun-Dothan en 1978 et 1986.

Arbonnier, M. 2009. Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d’Afrique de l’Ouest, ed. 3. CIRAD, Montpellier. 576 pp.

Boudet, G., J.-P. Lebrun & R. Demange. 1986. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali. Etudes et Synthèses de l ‘I.E.M.V.T. 16, 1 vol., 480 pp.

Breitenbach, E.Von. 1963. The indigenous trees of Ethiopia. 2ª éd. 1 vol., 305 pp., Ethiopian Forestry Association, Addis Abeba.

Danin, A. 2004. Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina Area. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 520 pp.

Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. 2015. The plants of Sudan and South Sudan. An annotated checklist. Kew Publishing, Kew.

Fennane, M. & M. Ibn Tattou. 2005-2009. Flore vasculaire du Maroc, inventaire et chorologie. Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique Rabat, Série Botanique. 2 vol.

Fennane, M. 2021. Livre Rouge de la flore vasculaire du Maroc. Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique, Série Botanique, n° spécial Premier centenaire de l’Institut Scientifique. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). 750 pp. Rabat.

Gawhari, A.M.H., Jury, S.L. & Culham, A. 2018. Towards an updated checklist of the Libyan flora. Phytotaxa, 338 (1): 1-­16.

Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. 1952-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa. 3 vols. Crown Agents. London. Second edition 2013. With annotations from African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.

Keay, R.W.J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. A revised version of Nigerian Trees (1960, 1964). Clarendon Press, Oxford. X +476 pp.

Lebrun, J.-P., J. Audru & J. Cesar. 1990. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. 1 vol., 277 pp. (Etudes et Synthèses de l’IEMVT 34), Maisons-Alfort.

Lebrun J.-P. & A. Stork. 1991-1997. Enumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique tropicale. Publication hors-série 7. 4 vols.

Lebrun, J. P. 1998. Catalogue des plantes de la Mauritanie et du Sahara occidental. Boissiera, Vol. 55. Actualizaciones importantes en Ould Mohamed et al., 2011.

Le Floc’h, E, Boulos, L. & Vela, E. 2010. Catalogue synonymique commenté de la Flore de Tunisie. République Tunisienne Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable. Banque nationale de gènes. 504 pp.

Le Houerou, H.N. 2004. Plant diversity in Marmarica (Libya & Egypt): a catalogue of the vascular plants reported with their biology, distribution, frequency, usage, economic potential, habitat and main ecological features, with an extensive bibliography. Candollea 59: 259-308.

Maydell, H.J. 1986. Trees and shrubs of the Sahel. Their characteristics and uses. GTZ. Verlag Josef Margraf. 532 pp.

Peyre de Fabrègues, B. & J.-P. Lebrun. 1976. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Niger. 1 vol., 433 pp. I.E.M.V.T. Maisons-Alfort.

Quézel, P. 1965. La végétation du Sahara, du Tchad à la Mauritanie. G. Fischer. Stuttgart. 133 pp.

Ruiz de la Torre, J. 2006. Flora Mayor. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad. Madrid. 1757 pp.

Valdés, B., M. Rejdali, A.& al. 2002. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d’identification. Checklist of vascular plants of N Morocco with identification keys. C.S.I.C. Madrid. 2 vol.

Battandier, J.A. & Trabut, M. 1888-1890. Flore de l’Algérie. Ancienne Flore d’Alger transformée. Contenant la description de toutes les plantes signalées jusqu’à ce jour comme spontanées en Algérie. Alger & Paris. 2 vol.  Vol. 1: Dicotylédones par J.A. Battandier. Vol. 2: Monocotylédones par M. Trabut. Alger & Paris.

Battandier, J.A. & Trabut, M. 1905. Flore analytique et synoptique de l’Algérie et de la Tunisie. Vve. Girault (éd.), Alger. 460 pp.

Battandier, J.A. 1910. Flore de L’Algerie. Supplement aux phanerogames. 93 pp.

Bedair, H. (2020). Composition and pattern of wild trees and shrubs in the Egyptian flora. M. Sc. Thesis. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University. 290 pp.

Benabid, A. 2000. Flore et écosystèmes du Maroc. Evaluation et préservation de la biodiversité. Ibis Press. Paris. 360 pp.

Benabid, A., Del Barrio, G.D., Ruiz, A., Sanjuán, M.E., Sainz, H., & Simón, J.C. 2015. Libro rojo de los ecosistemas forestales de Marruecos. Gland, Suiza y Málaga, España: UICN. 164 páginas. http://dx.doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/9074

Boulos, L. (ed.) – A check-list of the Libyan flora. Cairo, 1977. 1: Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 7-8: 115-141. 1977; Genève, 1979-… 2: Candollea 34: 21-48. 1979; 3 (Composées): l.c. 34: 307-332. 1979; l.c. 35: 565-567. 1980; 4:…

Charco, J. 1999. El bosque mediterráneo en el Norte de África. Biodiversidad y lucha contra la desertificación. Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (AECI). Madrid. 370 pp.

Debazac, E.F. 1958. La végétation forestière de la Kroumirie. Annales de l’Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts, 16 (2): 1-133.

Del Barrio, G., Sanjuan, M.E., Hirche, A., Yassin, M., Ruiz, A., Ouessar, M., Martínez-Valderrama, J., Essifi, B. & Puigdefabregas, J. 2016. Land degradation states and trends in the northwestern Maghreb drylands, 1998–2008. Remote Sensing, 8(7), 603: 1-25. doi:10.3390/rs8070603

Desfontaines, R.L. 1798-1799. Flora Atlantica. Sive historia plantarum quae in Atlante, agro tunetano et algeriensi crescunt. Paris. 2 vol., 9 fasc.

Durand, E. & Barratte G., 1910. Flora Lybicae prodromus ou catálogue raisonné des plantes de Tripolitaine. Imprimerie Romet, Genève.

El Oualidi, J., Khamar, H., Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Chauvet, S. & Taleb, M.S. 2012. Checklist des endémiques et spécimens types de la flore vasculaire de l’Afrique du Nord. Documents de l’Institut Scientifique, n°25, 2012, Universite Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat

Emberger L. 1939. Aperçu général sur la végétation du Maroc. Veröft. Geobot. Inst. Rübel, Zürich 14:40-154, + mapa.

Forsskål, P. 1775. Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum. 382 pp.

Friis, I., Demissew, S. & van Breugel, P. 2010. Atlas of the Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab (ed.) Copenhagen. 308 pp.

Gillet, H. 1968. Le peuplement végétal du massif de l’Ennedi (Tchad). Mém. Muséum Paris; nouv. sér 2, 17: 206 pp.

Guinea, E. 1945. Aspecto forestal del desierto. La vegetación leñosa y los pastos del Sahara  español. Instituto Forestal de Investigación Experimental. Madrid. 152 pp.

Guinea, E. 1948. Catálogo razonado de las plantas del Sahara español. Anales del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid. 8: 357-442.

Jahandiez, E. & Maire, R. 1931, 1932, 1934. Catalogue des Plantes du Maroc. Vols. I, II, et III. Argel. Ce catalogue a été continuellement révisé et enrichi par les auteurs suivants:

• Emberger, L. & Maire, R. (1941). Catalogue des Plantes du Maroc. Vol. IV. Supplément aux volumes I, II, et III. Alger.
• Sauvage, CH. 1943, 1949, 1950, … Annotations au Catalogue des Plantes du Maroc.
• Vindt, J. 1949, 1950, … Additions au Catalogue des Plantes du Maroc.
• Negre, R. 1950, 1953, 1960, … Notes additives au Catalogue des Plantes du Maroc. etc.

Lebrun, N. & Stork, A.L. 1978. Index general des « Contributions à l’étude de la flore de l’Afrique du nord de René Maire. Étude Bot. 5. Institut d’elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux. Maison Alfort. 365 pp.

Le Houerou, H.N. 1969. La végétation de la Tunisie steppique. Annales de l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunis, 42 (5). 617 pp.

Médail, F. & Quézel, P. 2018. Biogéographie de la flore du Sahara : une biodiversité en situation extrême. IRD Éditions, Genève. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève. 366 pp.

Nègre, R. 1961-1962. Petite flore des régions arides du Maroc occidental. Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris. 2 vols.

Ould Mohamed, A. 1996. Contribution a l’etude. bioclimatique, biopedologique, floristique et ethnobotanique de la flore ligneuse et subgneuse de la zone du lac R’Kiz du Trarza mauritanien. Tesis doctoral. Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar. 189 pp.

Ould Mohamed, A., Ould Ismail, A., Ould Soule, A., Gueye, M. & Labat, J.N. 2011. Contribution a l’étude de la flore de Mauritanie: 1- Evaluation de la biodiversité floristique de l’Assaba (Açaba). Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, section Sciences de la Vie, 33 (2): 53-64.

Pampanini, R. 1931. Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. Ministero delle Colonie, Forli, 577 pp.

Post, G.E. 1932-1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinaï (ed. 2/J.E. Dinsmore). American Press. Beirut.

Quézel, P. 1958. Mission botanique au Tibesti. Mém. Inst. Rech. Sah. 4: 357 pp.

Quézel, P. & Médail, F. 2004. Écologie et biogéographie des forêts du bassin méditerranéen. Elsevier. Paris. 572 pp.

Radford, E.A., Catullo, G. and Montmollin, B. de. (eds.). 2011. Important Plant Areas of the south and east Mediterranean region: priority sites for conservation. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Malaga, Spain. Gland, Switzerland and Malaga, Spain: IUCN. VIII + 108 pp. ISBN: 9782831713373

Sauvage, C. & Vindt, J. 1952-1954. Flore du Maroc analytique, descriptive et illustrée. Editions internationales, Tanger,. 1: Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien 4: [I]-XXIX, [i], [1]-148. 1952; 2: Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 3: [I]-XVI, 3 tab., [1]-267.

Sauvage, C. & Vindt, J. 1963. Flore simplifiée et pratique du Maroc. 61 pp.

Täckholm V. & Täckholm, G. 1941. Flora of Egypt. I – Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae (Thyphaceae – Graminae). Bull. Fac. Sci. 17, Fouad Univ. Press, Cairo. 574 pp.

Täckholm V. & Drar, M. 1950-1969. Flora of Egypt. II – Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae (Cyperaceae – Juncaceae). Bull. Fac. Sci. 28: 574 pp. (1950). III – Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae (Liliaceae – Musaceae). Bull. Fac. Sci. 30: 646 pp. (1954). IV – Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae (Zinziberaceae – Orchidaceae), Dicotyledonae (Casuarinaceae – Piperaceae). Bull. Fac. Sci. 36: 427 pp. (1969).

Valderrabano, M., Gil, T., Heywood, V., and de Montmollin, B. (eds.). 2018. Conserving wild plants in the South and East Mediterranean region. Gland, Switzerland, and Malaga, Spain: IUCN. xiii +146 pp.

Andrews, F.W. (Comp) 1948.  Vernacular names of plants as described in “Flowering plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Vol. I”. McCorquodale & Co. (Sudan) Ltd. 23 pp.

Battandier, J.A. & Trabut, L.Ch. 1911. Contribution à la Flore du pays des Touaregs, Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 58:6, 623-629.

Bedair, H. (2020). Composition and pattern of wild trees and shrubs in the Egyptian flora. M. Sc. Thesis. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University. 290 pp.

Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland. BSBI List of British & Irish Vascular Plants and Stoneworts.  (Excel format) – last revised 2007. https://bsbi.org/resources

Boulos L.  2005. Flora of Egypt. Al Haddara Publishing (ed.), Cairo. Vol. IV.: 485-560.

Peyre De Fabrègues, B. 1977 (2ª edición). Lexique des noms vernaculaires de plantes du Niger. Maisons-Alfort,. Institut d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux & Institut national de la recherche agronomique du Niger. 85 p.

Sahara nature. Consultado 2017-2018. https://www.sahara-nature.com/liste_tamahaq.htm?aff=tamahaq

Sahki A. & Boutamine-Sahki R., 2004. Le Hoggar. Promenade Botanique. Editions Esope. 311 pp.

Trabut, L. Ch. 1935. Répertoire des noms indigènes des plantes spontanées, cultivées et utilisées dans le nord de l’Afrique. « La typo-litho » et Jules Carbonel réunies. Alger. 355 p. Réédition inchangée en 2006, avec le titre: Noms indigènes des plantes d’Afrique du nord. Répertoire des noms des plantes spontanées, cultivées et utilisées. Paris, Ibis Press. 356 pp. Le travail amélioré peut être vu à: https://uses.plantnet-project.org/fr/Trabut,_R%C3%A9pertoire_des_noms:_introduction

Angassa, A. 2005. The ecological impact of bush encroachment on the yield of grasses in Borana rangeland ecosystem. Afr J Ecol 43: 14–20.

Aravind, NA., Rao, D., Ganeshaiah, KN., Shaanker RU. & Poulsen JG. 2010. Impact of the invasive plant, Lantana camara, on bird assemblages at Male Mahadeshwara Reserve Forest, South India. Tropical Ecol 51: 325–338.

Bacher, S. et al. 2018. Socio-economic impact classification of alien taxa (SEICAT). Meth Ecol Evol 9: 159–168.

Bellard, C., Cassey, P. & Blackburn, TM. 2016. Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions. Biol Lett 12: 20150623.

Blackburn, TM., Essl, F., Evans, T., Hulme, PE., Jeschke, JM., Ku¨hn, I., Kumschick, S., Markova, Z., Pergl, J., Pysëk P, Rabitsch, W., Ricciardi, A., Richardson, DM., Vilà, M., Wilson, JRU., Winter, M., Genovesi, P. & Bacher, S. 2014. A unified classification of alien species based on the magnitude of their environmental impacts. Plos Biol 12:e1001850.

Boy, G. & Witt, A. 2013. Invasive alien plants and their management in Africa. UNEP/GEF Removing Barriers to Invasive Plant Management Project. International Coordination Unit. & CABI Africa. Nairobi. 177 pp.

Clavero, M. & García-Berthou, E. 2005. Invasive species are a leading cause of animal extinctions. Trends Ecol Evol 20: 110.

Cronk, Q.C. & Fuller, J.L. 1995. Plant invaders. Chapman & Hall. Londres.

Dana, E.D., Sobrino, E. & Sanz–Elorza, M. 2003. Plantas invasoras en España: un nuevo problema en las estrategias de conservación. En Atlas y Libro Rojo de la Flora Vascular Amenazada de España: 1009-1027. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid.

Díaz, M., Carbonell, R., Santos, T. & Tellería, J.L. 1998. Breeding birds communities in pine plantations of the Spanish Plateaus -biogeography, landscape and vegetation effects. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35: 562-574.

Downey, PO. & Richardson, DM. 2016. Alien plant invasions and native plant extinctions: a six-threshold framework. AoB PLANTS 8: plw047.

Eldridge, DJ., Bowker, MA., Maestre, FT., Roger, E. & Whitford, RJF. 2011. Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: towards a global synthesis. Ecol Lett 14: 709–722.

Essl, F., Dullinger, S., Rabitsch, W., Hulme, PE., Hülber, K., Jarosík, V., Kleinbauer, I., Krausmann, F., Kühn, I., Nentwig, W. & Vilà, M. 2011. Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 203–207.

Faulkner, KT., Robertson, MP., Roget, M. & Wilson, JRU. 2014. A simple, rapid methodology for developing invasive species watch lists. Biol Conserv 179: 25–32.

Foxcroft, LC., Richardson, DM. & Wilson, JRU. 2008. Ornamental plants as invasive aliens: problems and solutions in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Environ Manage 41: 32–51.

Foxcroft, LC., Spear, D., van Wilgen, NJ. & McGeoch, MA. 2019. Assessing the association between pathways of alien plant invaders and their impacts in protected areas. NeoBiota 43: 1–25.

García Murillo, P., Fernández Zamudio, MDR., Cirujano Bracamonte, S., Sousa Martín, A. & Espinar JM. 2007. The invasion of Doñana National Park (SW Spain) by the mosquito fern (Azolla filiculoides Lam). Limnetica 26:43–250.

Gassó, N., Thuiller, W., Pino, J. & Vilà, M. 2012. Potential distribution range of invasive plant species in Spain. NeoBiota 12:25–40.

Groom, Q., Desmet, P., Reyserhove, L., Adriaens, T., Oldoni, D., Vanderhoeven, S., Baskauf, SJ., Chapman, A., McGeoch, M., Walls, R., Wieczorek, J., Wilson, JRU., Zermoglio, PFF. & Simpson A. 2019. Improving Darwin Core for research and management of alien species. Biodivers Inf Sci Stand 3: e38084.

Guijarro, L. 2001. La invasión silenciosa. Ambienta (Revista del Ministerio de Medio Am­biente) 1: 33-37.

Hejda, M., Pysek, P. & Jarosík, V. 2009. Impact of invasive plants on the species richness, diversity and composition of invaded communities. J Ecol 97: 393–403.

Hulme, PE. 2009. Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalisation. J Appl Ecol 46: 10–18.

IUCN. 2000. Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss Caused by Alien Invasive Species. Approved by the 51st Meeting of the IUCN Council, Gland Switzerland.

Jeschke, JM. et al. 2014. Defining the impact of non-native species. Conserv Biol 28:1188–1194

Johnson, CN., Balmford, A., Brook, BW., Buettel, JC., Galetti, M., Guangchun, L. & Wilmshurst, JM. 2017. Biodiversity losses and conservation responses in the Anthropocene. Science 356:270–275.

Latombe, G. et al. 2017. A vision for global monitoring of biological invasions. Biol Conserv 213: 295–308.

Latombe, G., Canavan, S., Hirsch, H., Hui, C., Kumschick, S., Nsikani, MM., Potgieter, LJ., Saul WC., Turner, SC., Wilson, JRU. & Richardson, YFA. 2019. A four-component classification of uncertainties in biological invasions: implications for management. Ecosphere 10: e02669.

Mahklouf, M.H. 2019. Invasive alien plant species in Libya. Journal of Advanced Botany & Zoology 7 (1): 1–4.

Mannino, AM. & Balistreri, P. 2018. Citizen science: a successful tool for monitoring invasive alien species (IAS) in Marine Protected Areas. The case study of the Egadi Islands MPA (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Biodiversity 19: 42–48.

Matthews, S. & Brand, K. 2004. Africa invaded. The growing danger of invasive alien species. Global Invasive species programme (GISP). 79 pp.

McDonall, I.A. & Cooper, J. 1995. Insular lesson for global diversity conservation with parti­cular reference to alien invasions. En Vitousek, M.P. et al. (Eds.). Islands, Biological Diver­sity and Ecosistems Function. 189-203. Springer. Berlín.

McDonall, I.A. et al. 1989. Wildlife conservation and the invasions of the nature reserves by introduced species: a global perspective. En Drake et al. (Eds.). Biological invasions: a global perspective. 215-256. Wiley. Nueva York.

Meyerson, LA. & Reaser, JK. 2002. Biosecurity: moving toward a comprehensive approach: a comprehensive approach to biosecurity is necessary to minimize the risk of harm caused by non-native organisms to agriculture, the economy, the environment, and human health. Bioscience 52: 593–600.

Mukherjee, A., Velankar, AD. & Kumara, HN. 2017. Invasive Prosopis juliflora replacing the native floral community over three decades: a case study of a World Heritage Site, Keoladeo National Park, India. Biodivers Conserv 26: 2839–2856.

Pauchard, A., Cavieres, L., Bustamante, P. & Rapoport, E. 2004. Increasing the unders­tanding of plantinvasions in southern South America. Biological Invasions 6 (2): 255-257.

Paynter, Q. & Flanagan, GJ. 2004. Integrating herbicide and mechanical control treatments with fire and biological control to manage an invasive wetland shrub, Mimosa pigra. J Appl Ecol 41: 615–629.

Pejchar, L. & Mooney, HA. 2009. Invasive species, ecosystem services and human well-being. Trends Ecol Evol 24: 497–504.

Pergl, J., Pysek, P., Essl, F., Jeschke, JM., Courchamp, F., Geist, J., Hejda, M., Kowarik, I., Mill, A., Musseau, C. & Pipek, P. 2020. Need for routine tracking of biological invasions. Conserv Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi. 13445.

Rapoport, E.H. 1975. Areografía. Estrategias Geográficas de las Especies. Fondo de Cultu­ra Económica, México, 214 pp. Versión Inglesa, corregida y aumentada: Areography. Geo­graphical Strategies of Species. Trad. B. Drausal, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 269 pp. (1982).

Rapoport, E.H. 1979. Transporte y comercio de especies invasoras: un nuevo concepto de contaminación. Ciencia y Desarrollo, CONACYT, México, Nº 27: 24-29.

Richardson, DM., Pysek, P., Rejmánek, M., Barbour, MG., Panetta, FD. & West, CJ. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Divers Distrib 6: 93–107.

Richardson, DM., Pysek, P. & Carlton, JT. 2011. A compendium of essential concepts and terminology in invasion ecology. In: Richardson DM (ed). Fifty years of invasion ecology. The legacy of Charles Elton. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 409–420.

Romero-Alcaraz, E. & Ávila, J.M. 2000. Landscape heterogeneity in relation to variations in epigaeic beetle diversity of a Mediterranean ecositem – Implications for conservation. Biodiversity and conservation, 9: 985-1005.

Rouget, M., Robertson, MP., Wilson, JR., Hui, C., Essl, F., Renteria, JL. & Richardson, DM. 2016. Invasion debt–Quantifying future biological invasions. Divers Distrib 22: 445–456.

Rubec, C.A. & Lee, G.O. 1997. Conserving vitality and diversity. Proceeding of the world conservation workshop on Alien Invasive Species. IUCN. Species Survival Comissiony North American Wetlands Conservation Council. Otawa.

Sanz, M., Dana, E.D. & Sobrino, E., 2005. Atlas de las plantas alóctonas invasoras en Espa­ña. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Madrid.

Saul, WC., Roy, HE., Booy, O., Carnevali, L., Chen, HJ., Genovesi, P., Harrower, CA., Hulme, PE., Pagad, S. & Jeschke, PJ. 2017. Assessing patterns in introduction pathways of alien species by linking major invasion data bases. J Appl Ecol 54: 657–669.

Seebens, H. et al. 2017. No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Comm 8: 1–9.

Shackleton, RT., Le Maitre, DC., van Wilgen, BW. & Richardson, DM. 2017. Towards a national strategy to optimise the management of a widespread invasive tree (Prosopis species; mesquite) in South Africa. Ecosyst Serv 27: 242–252.

Shackleton, RT., Shackleton, CM. & Kull, CA. 2019. The role of invasive alien species in shaping local livelihoods and human well-being: a review. J Environ Manage 229: 145–157.

van Wilgen, BW. & Wilson, JR. (eds). 2018. The status of biological invasions and their management in South Africa in 2017. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch.

van Wilgen, BW., Dyer, C., Hoffmann, JH., Ivey, P., Le Maitre, DC., Moore, JL., Richardson, DM., Rouget, M., Wannenburgh, A. & Wilson, JRU. 2011. National-scale strategic approaches for managing introduced plants: insights from Australian acacias in South Africa. Divers Distrib 17: 1060–1075.

van Wilgen, BW., Fill, JM., Baard, J., Cheney, C., Forsyth, AT. & Kraaij T. 2016. Historical costs and projected future scenarios for the management of invasive alien plants in protected areas in the Cape Floristic Region. Biol Conserv 200: 168–177.

Vilà, M., Basnou, C., Pysek, P., Josefsson, M., Genovesi, P., Gollasch, S., Nentwig, W., Olenin, S., Roques, A., Roy, D. & Hulme, PE. 2010. How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services? A pan-European, cross-taxa assessment. Front Ecol Environ 8: 135–144.

Wilson, JRU., Ivey, P., Manyama, P. & Nanni, I. 2013. A new national unit for invasive species detection, assessment and eradication planning. S Afr J Sci. https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120111

Wilson, JRU., Faulkner, KT., Rahlao, SJ., Richardson, DM., Zengeya, TA. & van Wilgen, BW. 2018. Indicators for monitoring biological invasions at a national level. J Appl Ecol 55:2612–2620.

Witt, ABR., Kiambi, S., Beale, T. & van Wilgen BW. 2017. A preliminary assessment of the extent and potential impacts of alien plant invasions in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, East Africa. Koedoe 59: 1–16.

Abdoun, F. & Gardner, M. 2013. Cupressus dupreziana var. dupreziana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T44046A2991873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T44046A2991873.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Abdoun, F., Gardner, M. & Griffiths, A. 2013. Cupressus dupreziana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T30325A2792650. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T30325A2792650.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Akhani, H. 2014. Tamarix mascatensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T46102929A46102992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T46102929A46102992.en. Downloaded on 28 September 2017.

Akhani, H. 2014. Tamarix nilotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T19179434A46081355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19179434A46081355.en. Downloaded on 28 September 2017.

Akhani, H. 2014. Tamarix parviflora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T19179463A46081405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19179463A46081405.en. Downloaded on 28 September 2017.

Alaoui, M.L., Knees, S. & Gardner, M. 2011. Abies pinsapo var. marocana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T34126A9841418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T34126A9841418.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Ali, M.M. 2010. Hypericum afrum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T163973A5674776. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T163973A5674776.en. Downloaded on 05 October 2017.

Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra aphylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201678A9162762. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201678A9162762.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bañares, A. et al.. 1998. Dracaena draco. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30394A9535771. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30394A9535771.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Beech, E. & Rivers, M.C. 2017. Sorbus latifolia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T79749225A79749229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T79749225A79749229.en. Downloaded on 31 October 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra alata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201688A9165505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201688A9165505.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra altissima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201672A9161344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201672A9161344.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra foeminea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201710A9171016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201710A9171016.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra foliata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201696A9167394. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201696A9167394.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra fragilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201689A9165802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201689A9165802.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra major. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201716A9172369. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201716A9172369.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra pachyclada. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201673A9161564. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201673A9161564.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Bell, A. & Bachman, S. 2011. Ephedra tilhoana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201717A9172712. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T201717A9172712.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Chadburn, H. 2012. Indigofera trita. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19892008A20088437. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892008A20088437.en. Downloaded on 14 October 2017.

Chappuis, E. 2014. Globularia alypum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T203384A2764803. Downloaded on 25 February 2018.

Contu, S. 2012. Acacia ehrenbergiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19892054A19997854. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892054A19997854.en. Downloaded on 28 February 2018.

Contu, S. 2012. Coronilla valentina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19891909A20043696. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19891909A20043696.en. Downloaded on 14 October 2017.

Contu, S. 2012. Cytisus pulvinatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19893004A20054138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19893004A20054138.en. Downloaded on 07 October 2017.

Contu, S. 2012. Astragalus kahiricus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19378930A20015154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19378930A20015154.en. Downloaded on 18 October 2017.

Daoud-Bouattour, A., Gammar-Ghrabi, Z., Limam-Ben Saad, S. & Muller, S.D. 2010. Cullen americanum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T164466A5879681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T164466A5879681.en. Downloaded on 14 October 2017.

Draper Munt, D., Duarte, M.C. & Tavares, M. 2011. Pyrus bourgaeana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T173008A6956717. Downloaded on 24 February 2018.

Duke, N., Kathiresan, K., Salmo III, S.G., Fernando, E.S., Peras, J.R., Sukardjo, S. & Miyagi, T. 2010. Rhizophora mucronata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178825A7618520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178825A7618520.en. Downloaded on 05 October 2017.

Duke, N., Kathiresan, K., Salmo III, S.G., Fernando, E.S., Peras, J.R., Sukardjo, S., Miyagi, T., Ellison, J., Koedam, N.E., Wang, Y., Primavera, J., Jin Eong, O., Wan-Hong Yong, J. & Ngoc Nam, V. 2010. Avicennia marina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178828A7619457. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178828A7619457.en. Downloaded on 28 November 2017.

Ellison, A., Farnsworth, E., Moore, G. 2010. Avicennia germinans. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178811A7613866. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178811A7613866.en. Accessed on 13 December 2022.

Ellison, A., Farnsworth, E. & Moore, G. 2010. Rhizophora racemosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178819A7616373. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178819A7616373.en. Accessed on 12 December 2022.

Farjon, A. 2013. Cupressus sempervirens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T32518A2821211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T32518A2821211.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Juniperus communis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42229A2963096. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42229A2963096.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Juniperus oxycedrus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42243A2965838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42243A2965838.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Juniperus sabina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42249A2966599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42249A2966599.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Juniperus thurifera. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42255A2967372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42255A2967372.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Juniperus turbinata. (errata version published in 2015) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T16349692A84434669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T16349692A16349713.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus halepensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42366A2975569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42366A2975569.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T20454910A20454917. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T20454910A20454917.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus pinaster subsp. renoui. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T63554A3127306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T63554A3127306.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Farjon, A. 2013. Taxus baccata. (errata version published in 2017) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42546A117052436. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Gardner, M. & Griffiths, A. 2013. Cupressus dupreziana var. atlantica. (errata version published in 2016) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T44045A102618349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T44045A2991752.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Gorener, V., Harvey-Brown, Y. & Barstow, M. 2017. Quercus pyrenaica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T78972170A78972188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T78972170A78972188.en. Downloaded on 24 February 2018.

Groom, A. 2012. Indigofera oblongifolia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19379012A20086775. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19379012A20086775.en. Downloaded on 14 October 2017.

Groom, A. 2012. Cytisus striatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19892837A20054282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892837A20054282.en. Downloaded on 12 September 2017.

Groom, A. 2012. Genista tridentata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T19892554A20075466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892554A20075466.en. Downloaded on 07 September 2017.

Güner, A. 1998. Crataegus azarolus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33987A75761353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33987A75761353.en. Downloaded on 31 October 2017.

Johnson, D. 1998. Medemia argun. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30401A9543895. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30401A9543895.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Khela, S. 2013. Erica cinerea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T203006A2758531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T203006A2758531.en. Downloaded on 23 November 2017.

Khela, S. 2013. Fraxinus angustifolia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T203366A2764397. Downloaded on 25 February 2018.

Khela, S. 2013. Ilex aquifolium. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T202963A2758279. Downloaded on 11 June 2018.

Lansdown, R.V. 2013. Arundo donax. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T164340A1043245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T164340A1043245.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Lansdown, R.V. 2013. Melhania phillipsiae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T13582578A13598444. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T13582578A13598444.en. Downloaded on 17 November 2017.

Lansdown, R.V. 2013. Nerium oleander. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T202961A13537523. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202961A13537523.en. Downloaded on 28 November 2017.

Lansdown, R.V. 2014. Salix alba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T203465A42409554. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T203465A42409554.en. Downloaded on 05 October 2017.

Maxted, N. & Rhodes, L. 2016. Prunus prostrata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T172276A48417319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T172276A48417319.en. Downloaded on 31 October 2017.

Omar, K. 2017. Rosa arabica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T84120072A84120074. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T84120072A84120074.en. Downloaded on 24 February 2018.

Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006). 2007. Vitis vinifera. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63537A12687723. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63537A12687723.en. Downloaded on 28 September 2017.

Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006). 2007. Populus nigra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63530A12687370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63530A12687370.en. Downloaded on 05 October 2017.

Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006). 2007. Ficus carica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63527A12687229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63527A12687229.en. Downloaded on 20 October 2017.

Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006). 2007. Rhus coriaria. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63485A12667115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63485A12667115.en. Downloaded on 23 November 2017.

Rankou, H., M’SOU , S., Alifriqui , M. & Martin, G. 2017. Fraxinus dimorpha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T109366166A109366170. Downloaded on 11 December 2017.

Rhazi, L., Grillas, P., Rhazi, M. & Flanagan, D. 2010. Salix pedicellata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T164032A5713048. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T164032A5713048.en. Downloaded on 05 October 2017.

Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Asparagus acutifolius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T176508A19392112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T176508A19392112.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Asparagus verticillatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T176392A19393607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T176392A19393607.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Pistacia khinjuk. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T62949A47600659. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T62949A47600659.en. Downloaded on 23 November 2017.

Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Pistacia lentiscus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T202960A47600695. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T202960A47600695.en. Downloaded on 23 November 2017.

Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Prunus mahaleb. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T172121A48416825. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T172121A48416825.en. Downloaded on 31 October 2017.

Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Prunus padus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T172090A61616618. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T172090A61616618.en. Downloaded on 31 October 2017

Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Prunus spinosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T172194A19400568. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T172194A19400568.en. Downloaded on 31 October 2017.

Rivers, M.C. & Barstow, M. 2017. Phillyrea latifolia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T79919776A109616420. Downloaded on 11 December 2017.

Sánchez Gómez, P., Stevens, D, Fennane, M, Gardner, M. & Thomas, P. 2011. Tetraclinis articulata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T30318A9534227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T30318A9534227.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

Shaw, K., Roy , S. & Wilson, B. 2014. Alnus glutinosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T63517A3125479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T63517A3125479.en. Downloaded on 20 October 2017.

Stritch, L., Shaw, K., Roy , S. & Wilson, B. 2014. Betula pendula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T62535A3115662. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T62535A3115662.en. Downloaded on 20 October 2017.

Thomas, P. 2013. Cedrus atlantica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42303A2970716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42303A2970716.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1998. Arbutus pavarii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30323A9535904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30323A9535904.en. Downloaded on 23 November 2017.

World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1998. Dracaena ombet. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30395A9535978. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30395A9535978.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1998. Laurus azorica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T38397A10111656. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38397A10111656.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.

World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 2017. Searsia glutinosa subsp. glutinosa (amended version of 1998 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T35507A118001194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T35507A118001194.en. Downloaded on 02 April 2018.

Yahi, N., Knees, S. & Gardner, M. 2011. Abies numidica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T30320A9534972. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T30320A9534972.en. Downloaded on 14 September 2017.