{"id":12626,"date":"2020-11-10T10:08:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/castanea-sativa-mill-3\/"},"modified":"2021-10-22T10:06:58","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T10:06:58","slug":"castanea-sativa-mill-3","status":"publish","type":"species","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\u00e8ce\/castanea-sativa-mill-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Castanea sativa Mill."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arbre caducifoli\u00e9, mono\u00efque, atteignant 20-30 m de haut, \u00e0 port arrondi. Tronc droit, pouvant atteindre 1 m de diam\u00e8tre ou plus, particuli\u00e8rement chez les exemplaires cultiv\u00e9s, \u00e0 tronc plus court et plus \u00e9pais. \u00c9corce brun-gris\u00e2tre, tr\u00e8s fonc\u00e9e et fendill\u00e9e longitudinalement chez les exemplaires \u00e2g\u00e9s. Rameaux et troncs jeunes \u00e0 \u00e9corce verd\u00e2tre, presque lisse. Ramilles de l\u2019ann\u00e9e vert-rouge\u00e2tre. Feuilles oppos\u00e9es, grandes (10-25 \u00d7 4-8 cm), lanc\u00e9ol\u00e9es, \u00e0 bord grossi\u00e8rement serr\u00e9, un peu coriaces, vert fonc\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;endroit et un peu plus claires sur l&rsquo;envers. Fleurs group\u00e9es en longs \u00e9pis qui naissent \u00e0 l\u2019aisselle des feuilles. Les fleurs m\u00e2les se pr\u00e9sentent sur presque toute la longueur de l\u2019\u00e9pi, o\u00f9 elles forment de petits groupes qui naissent \u00e0 l\u2019aisselle d\u2019une bract\u00e9e ov\u00e9e. Les fleurs femelles, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement group\u00e9es par 3 \u00e0 la base de l\u2019\u00e9pi sur un involucre commun, sont ovo\u00efdes, de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 4 cm de diam\u00e8tre chez les arbres cultiv\u00e9s et beaucoup petites chez les exemplaires sauvages. Le fruit ou ak\u00e8ne est la ch\u00e2taigne, se pr\u00e9sentant sous la forme d&rsquo;une graine \u00e0 coque indur\u00e9e brun-rouge\u00e2tre, brillante et glabre \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, blanch\u00e2tre-velout\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. Les ch\u00e2taignes se pr\u00e9sentent par 1-3 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d\u2019une enveloppe h\u00e9riss\u00e9e de longues \u00e9pines (bogue), qui s\u2019ouvre en 2-4 valves.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","short_name":"Castanea sativa","name_html":"<strong>Castanea sativa<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","common_names":"<em>C. vulgaris<\/em> Lam., nom illeg., <em>C. vesca<\/em> Gaertner, nom illeg.","other_name":"<em>Fra.<\/em>: Ch\u00e2taignier.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Esp<\/em>.: Casta\u00f1o com\u00fan.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ang.<\/em>: Sweet chestnut.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Bellut el malek, qasthal, questtla, costal.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Tam<\/em>.: Anelatt, tlaseft, legestel.","flowering":"mai-juin.","fruiting":"septembre-novembre.","habitat":"For\u00eats et rives des cours d\u2019eau sur terrains siliceux, en bioclimat subhumide \u00e0 hyperhumide, aux \u00e9tages thermom\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 supram\u00e9diterran\u00e9en.","distribution":"R\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne. Esp\u00e8ce amplement cultiv\u00e9e depuis l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, il s\u2019av\u00e8re aujourd\u2019hui difficile dans de nombreux cas d\u2019\u00e9tablir quels arbres sont spontan\u00e9s, subspontan\u00e9s ou cultiv\u00e9s. Les arbres sauvages donnent des fruits plus petits mais, \u00e9tant davantage adapt\u00e9s au terrain, sont utilis\u00e9s comme porte-greffes pour les formes cultiv\u00e9es, plus productives, comme cela est pratiqu\u00e9 avec l\u2019ol\u00e9astre pour l\u2019obtention de bons oliviers. L\u2019\u00e9chantillon de pollen fossile d\u00e9couvert dans la p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique vient appuyer la th\u00e8se selon laquelle l\u2019esp\u00e8ce est autochtone des pays de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale. De nos jours, le ch\u00e2taigner est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 autochtone dans le N. du Maroc, du moins dans le Rif (Djebel Mahfoura et oued Laou), le N.-E. de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie (dans les localit\u00e9s classiques de la Kabylie orientale, comme le massif de l\u2019Edough) et le N.-O. de la Tunisie, \u00e0 A\u00efn Draham (Kroumirie), o\u00f9 les ch\u00e2taigniers sauvages se d\u00e9veloppent dans les ch\u00eanaies de <em>Quercus canariensis<\/em>.","observations":"","conservation":"Esp\u00e8ce commune \u00e0 aire de r\u00e9partition vaste, qui n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme menac\u00e9e. Elle n\u2019est actuellement pas \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale dans la Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces de l\u2019UICN. N\u00e9anmoins, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce peu commune et \u00e0 aire de r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s restreinte dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique. Au Maroc, elle est incluse dans la Liste des esp\u00e8ces n\u00e9cessitant une autorisation pour toute utilisation \u00e0 des fins commerciales (loi 29-2005 et d\u00e9cret 2-12-484 du 21 mai 2015). Au Maroc, elle est incluse dans la Liste des esp\u00e8ces n\u00e9cessitant une autorisation pour toute utilisation \u00e0 des fins commerciales (loi 29-2005 et d\u00e9cret 2-12-484 du 21 mai 2015). En Tunisie, elle est incluse dans la Liste de la flore sauvage rare et menac\u00e9e d\u2019extinction (arr\u00eat\u00e9 du ministre de l\u2019Agriculture et des Ressources hydrauliques du 19 juillet 2006).","genus":false,"images":[{"ID":"26453","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 1. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Feuilles et inflorescences (\u00e9pis avec fleurs femelles \u00e0 la base et reste toutes m\u00e2les). Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12626","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18343","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26453","trid":"118313","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26453"},{"ID":"26455","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 2. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Rameau avec inflorescences (\u00e9pis) avec fleurs m\u00e2les. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-2-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12626","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-2.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18345","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26455","trid":"118314","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26455"},{"ID":"26457","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 3. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. D\u00e9tail de l'inflorescence (\u00e9pi) avec fleurs m\u00e2les. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-3-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12626","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-3.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18347","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26457","trid":"118315","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26457"},{"ID":"26459","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Feuilles et capsules fructif\u00e8res. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12626","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18349","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26459","trid":"118316","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26459"},{"ID":"26461","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:08","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 5. 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Joaqu\u00edn Molero","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-5-joaquin-molero-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:06:58","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12626","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-5.-Joaquin-Molero.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18351","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26461","trid":"118317","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26461"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -5.3318023,35.5358582\",\" -5.3105067,35.4957483\",\" -5.2940369,35.4539583\",\" -5.2851068,35.394637\",\" -5.2693176,35.362736\",\" -5.2274322,35.3448153\",\" -5.1862335,35.3224087\",\" -5.105896,35.3044789\",\" -5.0434113,35.3022374\",\" -5.020756,35.3266076\",\" -5.0083923,35.3464955\",\" -5.0873566,35.4036029\",\" -5.1769638,35.490586\",\" -5.2470017,35.536417\",\" -5.2720642,35.5612778\",\" -5.3063982,35.5542947\",\" -5.3318023,35.5358582\",\" \"]","zone_2":"[\" 7.104034399999999,36.9048817\",\" 6.9393685,36.8750083\",\" 6.824733300000001,36.9350665\",\" 6.6082764,36.9663522\",\" 6.5318228,37.0611819\",\" 6.389285499999999,37.0813732\",\" 6.271517,37.0301403\",\" 6.2621717,36.9331744\",\" 6.137601899999999,36.8800735\",\" 5.8468728,36.7227173\",\" 5.8136819,36.6906923\",\" 5.792869600000001,36.6487462\",\" 5.848357799999999,36.6114821\",\" 5.972153799999999,36.5783824\",\" 6.2223816,36.578041\",\" 7.5050354,36.4997014\",\" 7.7879333,36.4842448\",\" 7.958221400000001,36.4831406\",\" 8.2287597,36.4919734\",\" 8.3551026,36.504117\",\" 8.526764,36.5703209\",\" 8.800048800000001,36.7113663\",\" 8.905792200000001,36.8136826\",\" 8.970293399999999,36.9366646\",\" 8.974456800000001,37.0069394\",\" 8.9222717,37.034351\",\" 8.8371277,36.9729354\",\" 8.767089800000001,36.9476968\",\" 8.7341309,36.9608658\",\" 8.5487366,36.9180582\",\" 8.4402466,36.8960962\",\" 8.3770752,36.9180582\",\" 8.2699585,36.9180582\",\" 8.2246399,36.9520867\",\" 8.048858600000001,36.8785221\",\" 7.895050000000001,36.8433617\",\" 7.7549744,36.8686349\",\" 7.750854499999999,36.9378185\",\" 7.6519775,36.9641577\",\" 7.5846863,36.9718383\",\" 7.518768299999999,37.0354472\",\" 7.407531699999999,37.0387359\",\" 7.340221799999999,37.0754477\",\" 7.2028852,37.0836586\",\" 7.2550253,36.9416138\",\" 7.104034399999999,36.9048817\",\" \"]","zone_3":"","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.6.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Castanea sativa Mill. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Castanea sativa Mill. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arbre caducifoli\u00e9, mono\u00efque, atteignant 20-30 m de haut, \u00e0 port arrondi. Tronc droit, pouvant atteindre 1 m de diam\u00e8tre ou plus, particuli\u00e8rement chez les exemplaires cultiv\u00e9s, \u00e0 tronc plus court et plus \u00e9pais. \u00c9corce brun-gris\u00e2tre, tr\u00e8s fonc\u00e9e et fendill\u00e9e longitudinalement chez les exemplaires \u00e2g\u00e9s. Rameaux et troncs jeunes \u00e0 \u00e9corce verd\u00e2tre, presque lisse. Ramilles de...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\u00e8ce\/castanea-sativa-mill-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-22T10:06:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture est.\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\\u00e8ce\/castanea-sativa-mill-3\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\\u00e8ce\/castanea-sativa-mill-3\/\",\"name\":\"Castanea sativa Mill. - North Africa Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-10T10:08:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-22T10:06:58+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\\u00e8ce\/castanea-sativa-mill-3\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/species\/12626"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/species"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/species"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}