{"id":12200,"date":"2020-11-10T10:07:34","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/populus-euphratica-oliv-3\/"},"modified":"2021-10-18T11:11:29","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T11:11:29","slug":"populus-euphratica-oliv-3","status":"publish","type":"species","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\u00e8ce\/populus-euphratica-oliv-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Populus euphratica Oliv."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arbre caducifoli\u00e9, dio\u00efque, atteignant 20 m de haut, \u00e0 port tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier. Tronc plus ou moins droit et lisse, parfois tr\u00e8s tortueux, pouvant exceptionnellement atteindre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de diam\u00e8tre. \u00c9corce gris\u00e2tre-blanch\u00e2tre. Ramilles pubescentes de jeunesse, devenant par la suite glabres, de couleur brun-jaun\u00e2tre. Bourgeons \u00e0 2 \u00e9cailles, peu ou pas visqueuses, glabrescentes. Feuilles alternes, glauques, concolores, glabres, longuement p\u00e9tiol\u00e9es, tr\u00e8s polymorphes. Chez les arbres jeunes sont fr\u00e9quentes les feuilles lanc\u00e9ol\u00e9es, enti\u00e8res, parfois pourvues d\u2019une dent dans la moiti\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure. Chez les exemplaires adultes, et en particulier dans la partie sup\u00e9rieure, les feuilles sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement r\u00e9niformes, parfois plus larges que longues, enti\u00e8res au niveau de leur partie inf\u00e9rieure et irr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dent\u00e9es-lobul\u00e9es dans la sup\u00e9rieure. Apparaissent \u00e9galement assez fr\u00e9quemment des feuilles plus ou moins rhombo\u00efdales, pareillement enti\u00e8res dans leur partie inf\u00e9rieure et plus ou moins grossi\u00e8rement dent\u00e9es au sommet. Fleurs en chatons pendants, courts, formant des rac\u00e8mes plus ou moins denses. Fleurs des chatons m\u00e2les \u00e0 p\u00e9dicelle court (2-4 mm), disque membraneux, glabre et caduc, \u00e0 12-14 \u00e9tamines et anth\u00e8res pourpr\u00e9es. Fleurs des chatons femelles \u00e0 p\u00e9dicelle beaucoup plus long (8-12 mm), disque semblable \u00e0 celui des fleurs m\u00e2les et ovaire termin\u00e9 en 3 grands stigmates pourpr\u00e9s. Fruit en capsule ovo\u00efde-allong\u00e9e, lisse, coriace, d\u00e9hiscente en 2-3 valves, qui renferme de nombreuses graines \u00e0 poils blanch\u00e2tres.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","short_name":"Populus euphratica","name_html":"<strong>Populus euphratica<\/strong> Oliv.","short_description":"","common_names":"","other_name":"<em>Fra.<\/em>: Peuplier de l'Euphrate.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Esp<\/em>.: \u00c1lamo moro.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ang.:<\/em> Euphrates poplar, desert poplar.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Sefsaf, safsaf, merssiche, requeiqab (\u00c9gypte).","flowering":"f\u00e9vrier-avril.","fruiting":"avril-juin.","habitat":"Berges des cours d\u2019eau permanents ou semi-permanents en climat m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en ou d\u00e9sertique. Elle tol\u00e8re bien la s\u00e9cheresse et un taux de salinit\u00e9 relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour le genre.","distribution":"Esp\u00e8ce \u00e0 aire de r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s vaste et discontinue, depuis le N. de l\u2019Afrique jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019Asie centrale (Himalaya, Chine et Mongolie), manquante dans de vastes zones interm\u00e9diaires. Introduite dans un canal d\u2019irrigation \u00e0 eaux l\u00e9g\u00e8rement saum\u00e2tres \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019Elche (Alicante, Espagne). Dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique, elle se fait rare et appara\u00eet diss\u00e9min\u00e9e entre le Maroc oriental (rivi\u00e8res Moulouya, Msoum, Ouizert, Bou-Adil, Ziz, etc.) et l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie occidentale (Lalla Maghnia, Ghazaouet, et les rivi\u00e8res El Hammam-El Guelta, Mya, etc.). Elle manque en Tunisie et en Libye, mais appara\u00eet de nouveau en \u00c9gypte (oasis de Siwa).","observations":"Compte tenu de l'\u00e9tendue de son aire de r\u00e9partition et de l'\u00e9volution isol\u00e9e des petits peuplements existants, plusieurs vari\u00e9t\u00e9s se sont diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es. Apparaissent dans l\u2019aire d\u2019\u00e9tude <strong>P. euphratica<\/strong> var. <strong>mauritanica <\/strong>(Dode) Maire (<em>P. mauritanica<\/em> Dode), \u00e0 bourgeons et capsules glabrescents, et <strong>P. euphratica<\/strong> var. <strong>bonnetiana <\/strong>(Dode) Maire (<em>P. bonnetiana<\/em> Dode), \u00e0 bourgeons pubescents et capsules laineuses ; cette derni\u00e8re vari\u00e9t\u00e9 se distingue en outre par la douce teinte jaun\u00e2tre de ses feuilles.\r\n\r\n<em>P. euphratica<\/em> est une esp\u00e8ce tr\u00e8s rare et primitive. Son bois est rouge et dur, tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent de celui des autres arbres du genre. Ses parents les plus proches, disparus de tr\u00e8s longue date, semblent \u00eatre <em>P. mutabilis<\/em>, du Tertiaire moyen (Europe centrale et Am\u00e9rique du Nord) et <em>P. massiliensis<\/em>, du Mioc\u00e8ne (S.-E. de la France). Cet arbre exceptionnel, qui peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un fossile vivant, pr\u00e9sente une grande valeur biog\u00e9ographique et esth\u00e9tique, et, malgr\u00e9 sa croissance plus lente, devrait \u00eatre davantage utilis\u00e9 pour le repeuplement des berges des rivi\u00e8res du N. de l\u2019Afrique. En marge de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat que peut repr\u00e9senter la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce en voie de rar\u00e9faction, cet arbre s\u2019av\u00e8re parfaitement adapt\u00e9 au repeuplement des rives des zones humides permanentes ou temporaires, du fait d\u2019une tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse et \u00e0 la salinit\u00e9 plus importante que celle du reste des esp\u00e8ces du genre.","conservation":"Esp\u00e8ce peu commune mais \u00e0 aire de r\u00e9partition vaste, qui n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme menac\u00e9e. Elle n\u2019est actuellement pas \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale dans la Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces de l\u2019UICN. Dans la Liste rouge des plantes vasculaires d\u2019\u00c9gypte (<em>Flora Aegyptiaca<\/em> Vol 1, 2000), elle est catalogu\u00e9e comme \u00ab menac\u00e9e \u00bb. En Alg\u00e9rie, elle est incluse dans la Liste des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales non cultiv\u00e9es prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (d\u00e9cret ex\u00e9cutif 12-03 du 4 janvier 2012).","genus":false,"images":[{"ID":"28091","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:13","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:13","post_content":"","post_title":"Populus euphratica. 1. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Populus euphratica. \u00c9corce et feuilles d'un vieux exemplaire. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"populus-euphratica-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12200","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Populus-euphratica.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19981","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28091","trid":"119132","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28091"},{"ID":"28093","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:13","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:13","post_content":"","post_title":"Populus euphratica. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Populus euphratica. Feuilles d'un exemplaire jeune. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"populus-euphratica-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12200","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Populus-euphratica.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19983","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28093","trid":"119133","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28093"},{"ID":"28095","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:15","post_content":"","post_title":"Populus euphratica. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Populus euphratica. Tiges avec feuilles jeunes. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"populus-euphratica-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12200","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Populus-euphratica.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19985","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28095","trid":"119134","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28095"},{"ID":"28097","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:17","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:17","post_content":"","post_title":"Populus euphratica. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Populus euphratica. Diversit\u00e9 foliaire caract\u00e9ristique de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"populus-euphratica-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12200","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Populus-euphratica.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19987","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28097","trid":"119135","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28097"},{"ID":"28105","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:19","post_content":"","post_title":"Populus euphratica. 8. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Populus euphratica. Rameaux avec feuilles et inflorescences femelles. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"populus-euphratica-8-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-18 11:11:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12200","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Populus-euphratica.-8.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19995","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28105","trid":"119139","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28105"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -0.7469087999999715,35.75134040000006\",\" -0.9200681999999461,35.70905830000004\",\" -1.180868699999962,35.56611710000004\",\" 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Tronc plus ou moins droit et lisse, parfois tr\u00e8s tortueux, pouvant exceptionnellement atteindre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de diam\u00e8tre. \u00c9corce gris\u00e2tre-blanch\u00e2tre. Ramilles pubescentes de jeunesse, devenant par la suite glabres, de couleur brun-jaun\u00e2tre. Bourgeons \u00e0 2 \u00e9cailles, peu ou pas visqueuses, glabrescentes. Feuilles alternes,...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\u00e8ce\/populus-euphratica-oliv-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-18T11:11:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture est.\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\\u00e8ce\/populus-euphratica-oliv-3\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\\u00e8ce\/populus-euphratica-oliv-3\/\",\"name\":\"Populus euphratica Oliv. - North Africa Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-10T10:07:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-18T11:11:29+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp\\u00e8ce\/populus-euphratica-oliv-3\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/species\/12200"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/species"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/species"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}