{"id":11799,"date":"2020-11-10T09:02:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:02:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l\/"},"modified":"2021-07-05T15:31:05","modified_gmt":"2021-07-05T15:31:05","slug":"pinus-l","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/genres\/pinus-l\/","title":{"rendered":"Pinus L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Genre comprenant 130 esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9parties principalement dans l’h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. 3 esp\u00e8ces sont indig\u00e8nes du N. de l\u2019Afrique, \u00e0 abondance et r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gales : P. pinaster<\/strong> et P. nigra <\/strong>sont relativement rares, limit\u00e9es aux terrains humides temp\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 frais. En revanche, P. halepensis<\/strong>, qui tol\u00e8re bien la s\u00e9cheresse, forme des for\u00eats \u00e9tendues ici et l\u00e0 dans toute la r\u00e9gion, marquant fr\u00e9quemment la limite foresti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne en direction du Sahara.<\/p>\n

Des analyses anthracologiques r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans l\u2019ancienne ville ph\u00e9nicienne et romaine de Lixus (N.-O. du Maroc) y ont rev\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence il y a 2600 ans d\u2019une quatri\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce de pin : P. pinea<\/em>. Sur les sols calcaires dominaient les for\u00eats de Quercus ilex<\/em>, en association avec Q. coccifera <\/em>et Olea europaea<\/em>, et sur les acides celles de Q. suber <\/em>en association avec Erica <\/em>sp., les pins, bien que presque toujours rares, apparaissant dans les deux types de for\u00eats<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":[{"name_html":"PINACEAE<\/strong> Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","short_name":"PINACEAE","short_description":"","references":"Farjon, A. 1990. Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera<\/em>. Koeltz Scientific Books. 330 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","genuses":{"11799":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10751","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_content":"Famille compos\u00e9e de 11 genres et environ 250 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres (rarement d\u2019arbustes), r\u00e9parties principalement dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Elles pr\u00e9sentent une grande valeur foresti\u00e8re de par leur r\u00e9sistance aux conditions climatologiques extr\u00eames, supportant des temp\u00e9ratures habituelles inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 z\u00e9ro. Les for\u00eats qu\u2019elles forment marquent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le niveau altitudinal et longitudinal sup\u00e9rieur de la couverture foresti\u00e8re. Certaines esp\u00e8ces, comme celles des genres Abies <\/strong>et Cedrus<\/strong>, sont tr\u00e8s importantes pour \u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9rosion et les \u00e9boulements dans les hautes montagnes o\u00f9 elles se d\u00e9veloppent.","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"64","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10751","trid":"113931","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10751"},"species":[{"ID":"11840","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne atteignant 20 m de haut en terrains tr\u00e8s favorables. Chez les exemplaires adultes, le port est tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier, mais d\u2019aspect g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arrondi. Les jeunes arbres ont un aspect conique. Suivant l\u2019habitat, le tronc est habituellement tortueux ou columnaire, pouvant atteindre 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre. Pin fr\u00e9quent sur les c\u00f4tes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, dans les zones les plus frapp\u00e9es par les temp\u00eates et sur sols rocheux, il prend souvent une forme buissonnante, arbustive, avec des exemplaires \u00e2g\u00e9s pouvant atteindre 10 m de diam\u00e8tre et \u00e0 peine 2 m de haut. L\u2019\u00e9corce est cendr\u00e9e, blanch\u00e2tre ou argent\u00e9e, caract\u00e9ristiquement lisse au d\u00e9but, tournant au brun ou au brun-rouge\u00e2tre et se fendillant avec l\u2019\u00e2ge. Rameaux et ramilles plus effil\u00e9s que chez d\u2019autres pins. Les feuilles naissent \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles group\u00e9es en paires sur une sorte de p\u00e9dicelle qui les entoure \u00e0 la base. Elles sont de couleur vert clair, flexibles et tr\u00e8s fines (6-15 \u00d7 0,05-0,1 cm). C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les oblongs (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm), jaun\u00e2tres, group\u00e9s en grand nombre en \u00e9pis cylindriques de 5-8 cm pr\u00e8s de l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes (5-12 mm), d\u2019abord de couleur vert-ros\u00e9, puis violac\u00e9s, longuement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9es. Strobiles caract\u00e9ristiques de par leur p\u00e9doncule \u00e9pais et ligneux de 1-2 cm, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (6-12 \u00d7 3,5-4,5 cm), allong\u00e9s, \u00e0 apophyse rhombo\u00efdale presque plane et petit appendice central \u00e9mouss\u00e9. Pignons petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 ailes 3-5 fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3954","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11840","trid":"114282","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11840"},{"ID":"11837","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne pouvant atteindre 20 m de haut, \u00e0 port tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier chez les exemplaires adultes, pyramidal chez les plus jeunes. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse gris\u00e2tre-argent\u00e9, qui devient gris fonc\u00e9 et tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Rameaux g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement verticill\u00e9s, arqu\u00e9s-ascendants dans les parties basses, irr\u00e9guliers vers la cime. Ramilles orang\u00e9es. Feuilles aciculaires, rigides, minces (10-14 \u00d7 0,16-0,19 cm), group\u00e9es en paires et entour\u00e9es \u00e0 la base d\u2019une fine gaine membraneuse. C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les subcylindriques (1,5-2 \u00d7 0,5-0,7 cm), subsessiles, de couleur jaun\u00e2tre, croissant en groupes au bout des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes tr\u00e8s courts (8-15 mm), solitaires ou verticill\u00e9s, de couleur rouge. Strobiles subsessiles, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse d\u00e9prim\u00e9e au centre de laquelle se pr\u00e9sente un petit appendice plus ou moins saillant. Pignons tr\u00e8s petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 aile relativement grande (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3951","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11837","trid":"114281","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11837"},{"ID":"11834","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de 20-30 m de haut (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40 m), \u00e0 port irr\u00e9gulier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte, le houppier \u00e9tant situ\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la moiti\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure de l\u2019arbre. Jeune, il pr\u00e9sente un aspect pyramidal. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse brun-rouge\u00e2tre, noir\u00e2tre sur les couches externes, tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Les ramilles sont de couleur brun clair, ch\u00e2tain, parfois brun-rouge\u00e2tre. Les rameaux naissent en verticilles presque perpendiculaires au tronc, les plus bas parfois l\u00e9g\u00e8rement retombants, les sup\u00e9rieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arqu\u00e9s-ascendants. Feuilles aciculaires, semi-rigides, \u00e9paisses et longues (10-27 \u00d7 0,2-0,25 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9, naissant en fascicules de 2, envelopp\u00e9es \u00e0 la base par une gaine membraneuse. Les c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les naissent en groupes au bout des ramilles, ils sont longuement ovo\u00efdes (1-3 \u00d7 0,4-0,6 cm), de couleur orang\u00e9. Les c\u00f4nes femelles forment des verticilles de 2 \u00e0 3, ovo\u00efdes (2-2,5 cm), rouge\u00e2tres. Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, de forme ovo\u00efde-conique et souvent courb\u00e9s (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse robuste, tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e, pyramidale. Chacune pr\u00e9sente 2 pignons de tr\u00e8s petite taille (7-9 mm) par rapport \u00e0 leurs ailes, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement quatre fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3948","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11834","trid":"114280","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11834"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"35422","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons non r\u00e9sineux, \u00e0 \u00e9cailles saillantes, recourb\u00e9es. Strobiles plus grands (8-20 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles tr\u00e8s saillantes et pointues","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28372","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35422","trid":"185072","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35422"},{"ID":"35419","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons r\u00e9sineux \u00e0 \u00e9cailles appliqu\u00e9es. Strobiles petits (5-7 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles renfl\u00e9es, d\u00e9prim\u00e9es au centre, avec une petite car\u00e8ne aigu\u00eb au centre","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28368","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35419","trid":"185070","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35419"},{"ID":"22938","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles nettement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9s, persistants de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ramilles cendr\u00e9es. Feuilles plus petites (5-12 cm) de couleur vert clair","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1741","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22938","trid":"116862","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22938"},{"ID":"35416","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, rapidement caducs. Ramilles jaun\u00e2tres ou ch\u00e2tains. Feuilles grandes (10-20 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28364","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35416","trid":"185068","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35416"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11799,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"Genre comprenant 130 esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9parties principalement dans l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. 3 esp\u00e8ces sont indig\u00e8nes du N. de l\u2019Afrique, \u00e0 abondance et r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gales : P. pinaster<\/strong> et P. nigra <\/strong>sont relativement rares, limit\u00e9es aux terrains humides temp\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 frais. En revanche, P. halepensis<\/strong>, qui tol\u00e8re bien la s\u00e9cheresse, forme des for\u00eats \u00e9tendues ici et l\u00e0 dans toute la r\u00e9gion, marquant fr\u00e9quemment la limite foresti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne en direction du Sahara.\r\n\r\nDes analyses anthracologiques r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans l\u2019ancienne ville ph\u00e9nicienne et romaine de Lixus (N.-O. du Maroc) y ont rev\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence il y a 2600 ans d\u2019une quatri\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce de pin : P. pinea<\/em>. Sur les sols calcaires dominaient les for\u00eats de Quercus ilex<\/em>, en association avec Q. coccifera <\/em>et Olea europaea<\/em>, et sur les acides celles de Q. suber <\/em>en association avec Erica <\/em>sp., les pins, bien que presque toujours rares, apparaissant dans les deux types de for\u00eats","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_modified_gmt":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11799}},"groups_keys":{"20452":{"ID":20452,"post_title":"Feuilles group\u00e9es en fascicules de 2 ou plus, lin\u00e9aires, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement flexibles, formant des brachyblastes","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 08:32:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:32:21","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"feuilles-groupees-en-fascicules-de-2-ou-plus-lineaires-generalement-flexibles-formant-des-brachyblastes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 08:32:21","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:32:21","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/feuilles-groupees-en-fascicules-de-2-ou-plus-lineaires-generalement-flexibles-formant-des-brachyblastes\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":20452},"32426":{"ID":32426,"post_title":"Feuilles solitaires, lin\u00e9aires, rigides","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"feuilles-solitaires-lineaires-rigides","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/feuilles-solitaires-lineaires-rigides\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":32426},"32429":{"ID":32429,"post_title":"Strobiles obovales, \u00e0 \u00e9cailles fines, papyrac\u00e9es. Feuilles group\u00e9es formant des rosettes de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30 unit\u00e9s","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-obovales-a-ecailles-fines-papyracees-feuilles-groupees-formant-des-rosettes-de-jusqua-30-unites","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/strobiles-obovales-a-ecailles-fines-papyracees-feuilles-groupees-formant-des-rosettes-de-jusqua-30-unites\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":32429},"32432":{"ID":32432,"post_title":"Strobiles coniques, \u00e0 \u00e9cailles \u00e9paisses fortement ligneuses. \tLes esp\u00e8ces de la r\u00e9gion \u00e0 feuilles dispos\u00e9es en fascicules de 2","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:32","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:32","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-coniques-a-ecailles-epaisses-fortement-ligneuses-les-especes-de-la-region-a-feuilles-disposees-en-fascicules-de-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:32","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/strobiles-coniques-a-ecailles-epaisses-fortement-ligneuses-les-especes-de-la-region-a-feuilles-disposees-en-fascicules-de-2\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":32432}},"title_groups_keys":[],"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"1","ID":10751,"post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_content":"Famille compos\u00e9e de 11 genres et environ 250 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres (rarement d\u2019arbustes), r\u00e9parties principalement dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Elles pr\u00e9sentent une grande valeur foresti\u00e8re de par leur r\u00e9sistance aux conditions climatologiques extr\u00eames, supportant des temp\u00e9ratures habituelles inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 z\u00e9ro. Les for\u00eats qu\u2019elles forment marquent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le niveau altitudinal et longitudinal sup\u00e9rieur de la couverture foresti\u00e8re. Certaines esp\u00e8ces, comme celles des genres Abies <\/strong>et Cedrus<\/strong>, sont tr\u00e8s importantes pour \u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9rosion et les \u00e9boulements dans les hautes montagnes o\u00f9 elles se d\u00e9veloppent.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10751}],"species":[{"short_name":"Pinus halepensis","name_html":"Pinus halepensis<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","common_names":"","other_name":"Fra.<\/em>: Pin blanc, pin d'Alep.\u00a0\u00a0 Esp<\/em>.: Pino carrasco.\u00a0\u00a0 Ang.<\/em>: Mediterranean pine, Aleppo pine. \u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Senuber, snuber, snuber halab, raurai.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: Ta\u00efda, taiia, azumbei (Kabyle), azenbi, azuber, igengen.","flowering":"mars-mai.","fruiting":"entre ao\u00fbt et octobre de la seconde ann\u00e9e, l\u2019ouverture des pommes de pin et la diss\u00e9mination des pignons ayant lieu au printemps de la troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e.","habitat":"Terrains secs et ensoleill\u00e9s depuis le niveau de la mer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2200 m. Sur substrats tr\u00e8s divers, en ombrotype semi-aride \u00e0 subhumide. C\u2019est le pin nord-africain qui supporte le mieux la s\u00e9cheresse et les temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es, ainsi que le plus abondant et mieux r\u00e9parti, pouvant \u00eatre rencontr\u00e9 depuis l\u2019aire m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019Atlas saharien.","distribution":"R\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne. Dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique, appara\u00eet ici et l\u00e0 dans toute la zone situ\u00e9e au N. du Sahara, au Maroc, en Alg\u00e9rie, en Tunisie et en Libye (Cyr\u00e9na\u00efque). Il \u00e9tait probablement tr\u00e8s commun par le pass\u00e9 dans les vastes steppes comprises entre l\u2019Atlas tellien et l\u2019Atlas saharien, d\u2019o\u00f9 il a aujourd\u2019hui presque disparu.","observations":"Dans les r\u00e9gions comme le bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, les pins poss\u00e8dent deux caract\u00e9ristiques qui leur permettent de rivaliser avantageusement avec n\u2019importe quelle esp\u00e8ce arborescente \u00e0 l\u2019heure de recoloniser un terrain r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9bois\u00e9 : d\u2019une part, ce sont des esp\u00e8ces h\u00e9liophiles, qui prosp\u00e8rent bien dans des sols d\u00e9pourvus de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation susceptible de leur faire ombrage et, d\u2019autre part, leur croissance est la plus rapide parmi les esp\u00e8ces foresti\u00e8res m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes. La destruction des for\u00eats naturelles par d\u00e9frichage, incendies et p\u00e2turage ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 une constante dans l\u2019histoire naturelle du N. de l\u2019Afrique, l\u2019expansion des pin\u00e8des a tr\u00e8s certainement \u00e9t\u00e9 favoris\u00e9e, ce qui explique par exemple qu\u2019elles constituent actuellement la plus grande surface foresti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion, avec presque un million et demi d\u2019hectares.\r\n\r\nDans la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, les pins sont opportunistes, envahisseurs d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes malades, et m\u00eame s\u2019il convient de rappeler qu\u2019ils sont autochtones, leur pr\u00e9sence de mani\u00e8re naturelle devrait aujourd\u2019hui n\u2019\u00eatre que limit\u00e9e. La pr\u00e9sence de pollen fossile de Pinus pinaster<\/em> dat\u00e9 de 10 000 ans en Kabylie ou de 7000 ans dans le Rif en sont une d\u00e9monstration. La r\u00e9gion a toujours compt\u00e9 sur la pr\u00e9sence de pins, et celle de sous-esp\u00e8ces et de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s end\u00e9miques de Pinus nigra <\/em>et de Pinus pinaster<\/em> dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique ne peut \u00eatre que le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une pr\u00e9sence extr\u00eamement ancienne de pins dans la r\u00e9gion.\r\n\r\nUn des meilleurs endroits pour observer l\u2019avanc\u00e9e de la d\u00e9sertification correspond \u00e0 la base du versant S. de l\u2019Atlas tellien. Par le pass\u00e9, la zone \u00e9tait couverte de denses ch\u00eanaies vertes, mais celles-ci ont progressivement disparues sous la pression des coupes (destruction directe), ainsi que de l\u2019agriculture, du p\u00e2turage et de la d\u00e9sertification croissante (frein \u00e0 la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration). Dans certains endroits, les ch\u00eanes verts morts demeurent encore sur pied, formant de petits bois de squelettes au milieu d\u2019une steppe de sparte et de romarin, au sein de laquelle toute possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle a disparu. N\u00e9anmoins, il existe l\u00e0 quelques bosquets de Pinus halepensis<\/em> en parfait \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Un reboisement forestier appropri\u00e9 \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de ce pin et l\u2019interdiction du p\u00e2turage permettraient de prot\u00e9ger le sol de l\u2019ensoleillement et de l\u2019\u00e9rosion, cr\u00e9ant probablement ainsi de meilleures conditions pour un reboisement post\u00e9rieur en ch\u00eanes verts, et donc pour mettre un frein \u00e0 la d\u00e9sertification et la faire reculer. Certaines plantations effectu\u00e9es avec ce pin il y a un demi-si\u00e8cle dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique ont donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration spontan\u00e9e de la for\u00eat m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne de feuillus originelle, avec des arbres et des arbustes qui, dans les endroits moins secs, \u00e9galent d\u00e9j\u00e0, voire d\u00e9passent la hauteur des pins.\r\n\r\nUn ambitieux programme destin\u00e9 \u00e0 freiner l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert a \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9 en 1974 en Alg\u00e9rie. Le gouvernement de ce pays s\u2019\u00e9tait propos\u00e9 de planter le long de la limite septentrionale du Sahara une frange foresti\u00e8re de 3 000 000 ha. Les plantations commenc\u00e8rent avec grand enthousiasme pour former ce qui se fit appel\u00e9 \u00ab La barri\u00e8re verte \u00bb. La Tunisie et le Liban s\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e8rent au projet en vue de le poursuivre dans leurs territoires respectifs. L\u2019esp\u00e8ce la plus largement utilis\u00e9e fut Pinus halepensis<\/em> (plus de 85 % du total des arbres plant\u00e9s), mais les techniques employ\u00e9es n\u2019\u00e9taient pas adapt\u00e9es, et le projet n\u2019a pas prosp\u00e9r\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment aux attentes.","conservation":"Esp\u00e8ce commune. Elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme de Pr\u00e9occupation mineure (LC) \u00e0 \u00e9chelle mondiale dans la Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces de l\u2019UICN (Farjon, 2013).","genus":{"11799":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10751","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_content":"Famille compos\u00e9e de 11 genres et environ 250 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres (rarement d\u2019arbustes), r\u00e9parties principalement dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Elles pr\u00e9sentent une grande valeur foresti\u00e8re de par leur r\u00e9sistance aux conditions climatologiques extr\u00eames, supportant des temp\u00e9ratures habituelles inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 z\u00e9ro. Les for\u00eats qu\u2019elles forment marquent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le niveau altitudinal et longitudinal sup\u00e9rieur de la couverture foresti\u00e8re. Certaines esp\u00e8ces, comme celles des genres Abies <\/strong>et Cedrus<\/strong>, sont tr\u00e8s importantes pour \u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9rosion et les \u00e9boulements dans les hautes montagnes o\u00f9 elles se d\u00e9veloppent.","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"64","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10751","trid":"113931","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10751"},"species":[{"ID":"11840","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne atteignant 20 m de haut en terrains tr\u00e8s favorables. Chez les exemplaires adultes, le port est tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier, mais d\u2019aspect g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arrondi. Les jeunes arbres ont un aspect conique. Suivant l\u2019habitat, le tronc est habituellement tortueux ou columnaire, pouvant atteindre 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre. Pin fr\u00e9quent sur les c\u00f4tes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, dans les zones les plus frapp\u00e9es par les temp\u00eates et sur sols rocheux, il prend souvent une forme buissonnante, arbustive, avec des exemplaires \u00e2g\u00e9s pouvant atteindre 10 m de diam\u00e8tre et \u00e0 peine 2 m de haut. L\u2019\u00e9corce est cendr\u00e9e, blanch\u00e2tre ou argent\u00e9e, caract\u00e9ristiquement lisse au d\u00e9but, tournant au brun ou au brun-rouge\u00e2tre et se fendillant avec l\u2019\u00e2ge. Rameaux et ramilles plus effil\u00e9s que chez d\u2019autres pins. Les feuilles naissent \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles group\u00e9es en paires sur une sorte de p\u00e9dicelle qui les entoure \u00e0 la base. Elles sont de couleur vert clair, flexibles et tr\u00e8s fines (6-15 \u00d7 0,05-0,1 cm). C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les oblongs (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm), jaun\u00e2tres, group\u00e9s en grand nombre en \u00e9pis cylindriques de 5-8 cm pr\u00e8s de l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes (5-12 mm), d\u2019abord de couleur vert-ros\u00e9, puis violac\u00e9s, longuement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9es. Strobiles caract\u00e9ristiques de par leur p\u00e9doncule \u00e9pais et ligneux de 1-2 cm, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (6-12 \u00d7 3,5-4,5 cm), allong\u00e9s, \u00e0 apophyse rhombo\u00efdale presque plane et petit appendice central \u00e9mouss\u00e9. Pignons petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 ailes 3-5 fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3954","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11840","trid":"114282","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11840"},{"ID":"11837","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne pouvant atteindre 20 m de haut, \u00e0 port tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier chez les exemplaires adultes, pyramidal chez les plus jeunes. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse gris\u00e2tre-argent\u00e9, qui devient gris fonc\u00e9 et tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Rameaux g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement verticill\u00e9s, arqu\u00e9s-ascendants dans les parties basses, irr\u00e9guliers vers la cime. Ramilles orang\u00e9es. Feuilles aciculaires, rigides, minces (10-14 \u00d7 0,16-0,19 cm), group\u00e9es en paires et entour\u00e9es \u00e0 la base d\u2019une fine gaine membraneuse. C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les subcylindriques (1,5-2 \u00d7 0,5-0,7 cm), subsessiles, de couleur jaun\u00e2tre, croissant en groupes au bout des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes tr\u00e8s courts (8-15 mm), solitaires ou verticill\u00e9s, de couleur rouge. Strobiles subsessiles, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse d\u00e9prim\u00e9e au centre de laquelle se pr\u00e9sente un petit appendice plus ou moins saillant. Pignons tr\u00e8s petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 aile relativement grande (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3951","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11837","trid":"114281","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11837"},{"ID":"11834","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de 20-30 m de haut (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40 m), \u00e0 port irr\u00e9gulier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte, le houppier \u00e9tant situ\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la moiti\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure de l\u2019arbre. Jeune, il pr\u00e9sente un aspect pyramidal. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse brun-rouge\u00e2tre, noir\u00e2tre sur les couches externes, tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Les ramilles sont de couleur brun clair, ch\u00e2tain, parfois brun-rouge\u00e2tre. Les rameaux naissent en verticilles presque perpendiculaires au tronc, les plus bas parfois l\u00e9g\u00e8rement retombants, les sup\u00e9rieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arqu\u00e9s-ascendants. Feuilles aciculaires, semi-rigides, \u00e9paisses et longues (10-27 \u00d7 0,2-0,25 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9, naissant en fascicules de 2, envelopp\u00e9es \u00e0 la base par une gaine membraneuse. Les c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les naissent en groupes au bout des ramilles, ils sont longuement ovo\u00efdes (1-3 \u00d7 0,4-0,6 cm), de couleur orang\u00e9. Les c\u00f4nes femelles forment des verticilles de 2 \u00e0 3, ovo\u00efdes (2-2,5 cm), rouge\u00e2tres. Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, de forme ovo\u00efde-conique et souvent courb\u00e9s (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse robuste, tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e, pyramidale. Chacune pr\u00e9sente 2 pignons de tr\u00e8s petite taille (7-9 mm) par rapport \u00e0 leurs ailes, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement quatre fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3948","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11834","trid":"114280","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11834"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"35422","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons non r\u00e9sineux, \u00e0 \u00e9cailles saillantes, recourb\u00e9es. Strobiles plus grands (8-20 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles tr\u00e8s saillantes et pointues","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28372","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35422","trid":"185072","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35422"},{"ID":"35419","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons r\u00e9sineux \u00e0 \u00e9cailles appliqu\u00e9es. Strobiles petits (5-7 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles renfl\u00e9es, d\u00e9prim\u00e9es au centre, avec une petite car\u00e8ne aigu\u00eb au centre","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28368","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35419","trid":"185070","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35419"},{"ID":"22938","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles nettement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9s, persistants de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ramilles cendr\u00e9es. Feuilles plus petites (5-12 cm) de couleur vert clair","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1741","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22938","trid":"116862","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22938"},{"ID":"35416","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, rapidement caducs. Ramilles jaun\u00e2tres ou ch\u00e2tains. Feuilles grandes (10-20 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28364","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35416","trid":"185068","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35416"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11799,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"Genre comprenant 130 esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9parties principalement dans l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. 3 esp\u00e8ces sont indig\u00e8nes du N. de l\u2019Afrique, \u00e0 abondance et r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gales : P. pinaster<\/strong> et P. nigra <\/strong>sont relativement rares, limit\u00e9es aux terrains humides temp\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 frais. En revanche, P. halepensis<\/strong>, qui tol\u00e8re bien la s\u00e9cheresse, forme des for\u00eats \u00e9tendues ici et l\u00e0 dans toute la r\u00e9gion, marquant fr\u00e9quemment la limite foresti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne en direction du Sahara.\r\n\r\nDes analyses anthracologiques r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans l\u2019ancienne ville ph\u00e9nicienne et romaine de Lixus (N.-O. du Maroc) y ont rev\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence il y a 2600 ans d\u2019une quatri\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce de pin : P. pinea<\/em>. Sur les sols calcaires dominaient les for\u00eats de Quercus ilex<\/em>, en association avec Q. coccifera <\/em>et Olea europaea<\/em>, et sur les acides celles de Q. suber <\/em>en association avec Erica <\/em>sp., les pins, bien que presque toujours rares, apparaissant dans les deux types de for\u00eats","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_modified_gmt":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11799}},"images":[{"ID":"27981","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:17","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:17","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 1. Guillermo Ben\u00edtez","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Pieds adultes et juv\u00e9niles d'\u00e2ges diff\u00e9rents. Guillermo Ben\u00edtez.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-1-guillermo-benitez-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-1.-Guillermo-Benitez.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19871","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27981","trid":"119077","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27981"},{"ID":"27983","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Feuilles et c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les encore ferm\u00e9s. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19873","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27983","trid":"119078","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27983"},{"ID":"27985","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:19","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Feuilles et c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les ouverts. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19875","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27985","trid":"119079","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27985"},{"ID":"27987","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:20","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:20","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Rameau avec feuilles et c\u00f4nes femelles d'\u00e2ges diff\u00e9rents. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19877","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27987","trid":"119080","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27987"},{"ID":"27989","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:21","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 5. Khellaf Rebbas","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. For\u00eats du Nord de l'Alg\u00e9rie. Khellaf Rebbas.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-5-khellaf-rebbas-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-5.-Khellaf-Rebbas.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19879","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27989","trid":"119081","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27989"},{"ID":"27991","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:22","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 6. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. C\u00f4nes s\u00e9rotineux ferm\u00e9s, \u00e2g\u00e9s de plusieurs ann\u00e9es, avec des graines fertiles \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-6-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-6.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19881","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27991","trid":"119082","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27991"},{"ID":"27993","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:23","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:23","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 7. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Du fait de sa tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse et \u00e0 l'insolation, c'est l'une des rares esp\u00e8ces d'arbres \u00e0 survivre sur les Hauts Plateaux alg\u00e9ro-marocains et dans l'Atlas saharien. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-7-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-7.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19883","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27993","trid":"119083","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27993"},{"ID":"27995","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 8. Manfred Finckh","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Pieds relictes sur lithosols dans le Sud du Maroc. Manfred Finckh.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-8-manfred-finckh-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11840","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-8.-Manfred-Finckh.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19885","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27995","trid":"119084","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27995"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" 23.0994178614452,32.55495211664692\",\" 23.09788984044383,32.56305708211869\",\" 23.09790040118264,32.56581120822074\",\" 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10.37602426850526,36.0876059634445\",\" 10.46982885581707,36.10580405441363\",\" 10.4670410006417,36.12724298187817\",\" 10.46696623460412,36.12821494756184\",\" 10.46614329917395,36.15638954174403\",\" 10.4672170204492,36.18020554554954\",\" 10.47116087407511,36.21093745819718\",\" 10.47730464119627,36.23645314559627\",\" 10.48830169866449,36.27018728841267\",\" 10.49183433548626,36.2776542226643\",\" 10.49126855669857,36.27940386089949\",\" 10.49255484353125,36.28013794870742\",\" 10.49493932758793,36.28560579886857\",\" 10.49818865638144,36.29622885527749\",\" 10.50918537750323,36.31712527571096\",\" 10.50908295101743,36.31903702034225\",\" 10.51272589328539,36.32652289791344\",\" 10.52325440216896,36.34527589756465\",\" 10.52577836118246,36.34918672538714\",\" 10.52894772585694,36.35252155002956\",\" 10.54290493601405,36.37167637756284\",\" 10.54381776138064,36.37109335157697\",\" 10.49924835992391,36.517218729261\",\" 10.44785305377548,36.62061317335929\",\" 10.33510605609968,36.68286405922902\",\" 10.07819858069996,36.67714537106207\",\" 9.72262588018026,36.63113575211332\",\" 9.27814294214312,36.48093459835309\",\" 8.593461006919995,36.22314049393867\",\" 7.970822535231889,36.14731159705264\",\" 6.86677913065239,36.27689057324142\",\" 6.515552093654264,36.3200995972187\",\" 6.298433328035685,36.33109484075436\",\" 5.824304547217138,36.355100091596\",\" 5.568520034571975,36.39603130010448\",\" 5.334596871748261,36.48578067164073\",\" 4.96772155920263,36.62633063125367\",\" 4.734975404791157,36.74135255847386\",\" 4.462232143398751,36.90125625317359\",\" \"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":11840,"post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne atteignant 20 m de haut en terrains tr\u00e8s favorables. Chez les exemplaires adultes, le port est tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier, mais d\u2019aspect g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arrondi. Les jeunes arbres ont un aspect conique. Suivant l\u2019habitat, le tronc est habituellement tortueux ou columnaire, pouvant atteindre 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre. Pin fr\u00e9quent sur les c\u00f4tes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, dans les zones les plus frapp\u00e9es par les temp\u00eates et sur sols rocheux, il prend souvent une forme buissonnante, arbustive, avec des exemplaires \u00e2g\u00e9s pouvant atteindre 10 m de diam\u00e8tre et \u00e0 peine 2 m de haut. L\u2019\u00e9corce est cendr\u00e9e, blanch\u00e2tre ou argent\u00e9e, caract\u00e9ristiquement lisse au d\u00e9but, tournant au brun ou au brun-rouge\u00e2tre et se fendillant avec l\u2019\u00e2ge. Rameaux et ramilles plus effil\u00e9s que chez d\u2019autres pins. Les feuilles naissent \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles group\u00e9es en paires sur une sorte de p\u00e9dicelle qui les entoure \u00e0 la base. Elles sont de couleur vert clair, flexibles et tr\u00e8s fines (6-15 \u00d7 0,05-0,1 cm). C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les oblongs (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm), jaun\u00e2tres, group\u00e9s en grand nombre en \u00e9pis cylindriques de 5-8 cm pr\u00e8s de l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes (5-12 mm), d\u2019abord de couleur vert-ros\u00e9, puis violac\u00e9s, longuement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9es. Strobiles caract\u00e9ristiques de par leur p\u00e9doncule \u00e9pais et ligneux de 1-2 cm, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (6-12 \u00d7 3,5-4,5 cm), allong\u00e9s, \u00e0 apophyse rhombo\u00efdale presque plane et petit appendice central \u00e9mouss\u00e9. Pignons petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 ailes 3-5 fois plus grandes.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11840},{"short_name":"Pinus nigra","name_html":"Pinus nigra<\/strong> J.F. Arnold subsp. mauretanica<\/strong> (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","short_description":"","common_names":"P. nigra <\/em>var. mauretanica<\/em> Maire & Peyerimh., P. clusiana<\/em> subsp. mauretanica<\/em> (Maire & Peyerimh.) Maire","other_name":"Fra.<\/em>: Pin noir.\u00a0\u00a0 Esp<\/em>.: Pino salgare\u00f1o, pino laricio.\u00a0\u00a0 Ang.<\/em>: Black pine. \u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Senuber, snuber.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: Anagro, negro (Le Rif), ta\u00efda.","flowering":"mars-mai.","fruiting":"entre septembre et novembre de la seconde ann\u00e9e, l\u2019ouverture des pommes de pin et la diss\u00e9mination des graines ayant lieu au printemps de la troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e.","habitat":"Montagnes calcaires et calcaro-dolomitiques humides situ\u00e9es entre 1400 et 1800 m, en ombrotype subhumide \u00e0 hyperhumide. Au contraire de l\u2019Europe m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, o\u00f9 l\u2019esp\u00e8ce forme des pin\u00e8des parfois tr\u00e8s pures, voire monosp\u00e9cifiques, ce pin appara\u00eet au Maghreb de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s dispers\u00e9e au sein des c\u00e9draies et sapineraies, en association avec des ifs, des ch\u00eanes z\u00e9ens et fagin\u00e9s et des \u00e9rables. Il s\u2019agit vraisemblablement de son environnent le plus naturel.","distribution":"L\u2019aire de r\u00e9partition de P. nigra <\/em>se situe principalement au S. de l\u2019Europe, depuis la p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la Crim\u00e9e et l\u2019Anatolie. Dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique, d\u2019o\u00f9 est end\u00e9mique la sous-esp\u00e8ce mauretanica<\/em>, elle se fait tr\u00e8s rare. Seuls quelques exemplaires isol\u00e9s ou de petits bosquets peuvent \u00eatre trouv\u00e9s en Alg\u00e9rie, dans une localit\u00e9 de la partie centrale du massif du Djurdjura (\u00e0 l\u2019O. de Tidjka), et dans le Rif occidental (massif de Ghomara), mais sans former pour autant de grandes masses. Dans le Rif central, il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9 \u00e0 Aknoul.","observations":"Cette esp\u00e8ce est clairement en processus de r\u00e9gression dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique (\u00e0 l\u2019instar de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces arborescentes foresti\u00e8res autochtones), et il conviendrait d\u2019enrayer cette tendance en dissipant les menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur elle et en l\u2019utilisant davantage (en association avec des c\u00e8dres, sapins, ch\u00eanes tauzins, z\u00e9ens, fagin\u00e9s et verts, et \u00e9rables autochtones) au sein des repeuplements de la haute et moyenne montagne calcaire du Maghreb. Les plantations d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces de pins non indig\u00e8nes, tels que P. brutia<\/em> Ten., P pinea<\/em> L. ou P. canariensis <\/em>C. Sm., devraient en revanche \u00eatre \u00e9limin\u00e9es progressivement. La situation d\u00e9licate de P. nigra <\/em>dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une riche bibliographie.","conservation":"Esp\u00e8ce tr\u00e8s commune et \u00e0 aire de r\u00e9partition vaste. En tant qu\u2019esp\u00e8ce au sens large (y compris la subsp. salmaznnii<\/em>), elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme de Pr\u00e9occupation mineure (LC) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale dans la Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces de l\u2019UICN (Farjon, 2013). N\u00e9anmoins, les peuplements nord-africains, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s dans ce projet comme subsp. mauretanica<\/em>, ne pr\u00e9sentent qu\u2019un nombre d\u2019exemplaires tr\u00e8s r\u00e9duit. Si cette sous-esp\u00e8ce venait \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale et\/ou r\u00e9gionale, elle serait probablement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme menac\u00e9e. Au Maroc, elle est incluse dans la Liste des esp\u00e8ces n\u00e9cessitant une autorisation pour toute utilisation \u00e0 des fins commerciales (loi 29-2005 et d\u00e9cret 2-12-484 du 21 mai 2015). En Alg\u00e9rie, elle est incluse dans la Liste des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales non cultiv\u00e9es prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (d\u00e9cret ex\u00e9cutif 12-03 du 4 janvier 2012).","genus":{"11799":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10751","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_content":"Famille compos\u00e9e de 11 genres et environ 250 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres (rarement d\u2019arbustes), r\u00e9parties principalement dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Elles pr\u00e9sentent une grande valeur foresti\u00e8re de par leur r\u00e9sistance aux conditions climatologiques extr\u00eames, supportant des temp\u00e9ratures habituelles inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 z\u00e9ro. Les for\u00eats qu\u2019elles forment marquent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le niveau altitudinal et longitudinal sup\u00e9rieur de la couverture foresti\u00e8re. Certaines esp\u00e8ces, comme celles des genres Abies <\/strong>et Cedrus<\/strong>, sont tr\u00e8s importantes pour \u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9rosion et les \u00e9boulements dans les hautes montagnes o\u00f9 elles se d\u00e9veloppent.","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"64","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10751","trid":"113931","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10751"},"species":[{"ID":"11840","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne atteignant 20 m de haut en terrains tr\u00e8s favorables. Chez les exemplaires adultes, le port est tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier, mais d\u2019aspect g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arrondi. Les jeunes arbres ont un aspect conique. Suivant l\u2019habitat, le tronc est habituellement tortueux ou columnaire, pouvant atteindre 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre. Pin fr\u00e9quent sur les c\u00f4tes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, dans les zones les plus frapp\u00e9es par les temp\u00eates et sur sols rocheux, il prend souvent une forme buissonnante, arbustive, avec des exemplaires \u00e2g\u00e9s pouvant atteindre 10 m de diam\u00e8tre et \u00e0 peine 2 m de haut. L\u2019\u00e9corce est cendr\u00e9e, blanch\u00e2tre ou argent\u00e9e, caract\u00e9ristiquement lisse au d\u00e9but, tournant au brun ou au brun-rouge\u00e2tre et se fendillant avec l\u2019\u00e2ge. Rameaux et ramilles plus effil\u00e9s que chez d\u2019autres pins. Les feuilles naissent \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles group\u00e9es en paires sur une sorte de p\u00e9dicelle qui les entoure \u00e0 la base. Elles sont de couleur vert clair, flexibles et tr\u00e8s fines (6-15 \u00d7 0,05-0,1 cm). C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les oblongs (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm), jaun\u00e2tres, group\u00e9s en grand nombre en \u00e9pis cylindriques de 5-8 cm pr\u00e8s de l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes (5-12 mm), d\u2019abord de couleur vert-ros\u00e9, puis violac\u00e9s, longuement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9es. Strobiles caract\u00e9ristiques de par leur p\u00e9doncule \u00e9pais et ligneux de 1-2 cm, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (6-12 \u00d7 3,5-4,5 cm), allong\u00e9s, \u00e0 apophyse rhombo\u00efdale presque plane et petit appendice central \u00e9mouss\u00e9. Pignons petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 ailes 3-5 fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3954","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11840","trid":"114282","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11840"},{"ID":"11837","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne pouvant atteindre 20 m de haut, \u00e0 port tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier chez les exemplaires adultes, pyramidal chez les plus jeunes. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse gris\u00e2tre-argent\u00e9, qui devient gris fonc\u00e9 et tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Rameaux g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement verticill\u00e9s, arqu\u00e9s-ascendants dans les parties basses, irr\u00e9guliers vers la cime. Ramilles orang\u00e9es. Feuilles aciculaires, rigides, minces (10-14 \u00d7 0,16-0,19 cm), group\u00e9es en paires et entour\u00e9es \u00e0 la base d\u2019une fine gaine membraneuse. C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les subcylindriques (1,5-2 \u00d7 0,5-0,7 cm), subsessiles, de couleur jaun\u00e2tre, croissant en groupes au bout des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes tr\u00e8s courts (8-15 mm), solitaires ou verticill\u00e9s, de couleur rouge. Strobiles subsessiles, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse d\u00e9prim\u00e9e au centre de laquelle se pr\u00e9sente un petit appendice plus ou moins saillant. Pignons tr\u00e8s petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 aile relativement grande (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3951","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11837","trid":"114281","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11837"},{"ID":"11834","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de 20-30 m de haut (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40 m), \u00e0 port irr\u00e9gulier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte, le houppier \u00e9tant situ\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la moiti\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure de l\u2019arbre. Jeune, il pr\u00e9sente un aspect pyramidal. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse brun-rouge\u00e2tre, noir\u00e2tre sur les couches externes, tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Les ramilles sont de couleur brun clair, ch\u00e2tain, parfois brun-rouge\u00e2tre. Les rameaux naissent en verticilles presque perpendiculaires au tronc, les plus bas parfois l\u00e9g\u00e8rement retombants, les sup\u00e9rieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arqu\u00e9s-ascendants. Feuilles aciculaires, semi-rigides, \u00e9paisses et longues (10-27 \u00d7 0,2-0,25 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9, naissant en fascicules de 2, envelopp\u00e9es \u00e0 la base par une gaine membraneuse. Les c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les naissent en groupes au bout des ramilles, ils sont longuement ovo\u00efdes (1-3 \u00d7 0,4-0,6 cm), de couleur orang\u00e9. Les c\u00f4nes femelles forment des verticilles de 2 \u00e0 3, ovo\u00efdes (2-2,5 cm), rouge\u00e2tres. Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, de forme ovo\u00efde-conique et souvent courb\u00e9s (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse robuste, tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e, pyramidale. Chacune pr\u00e9sente 2 pignons de tr\u00e8s petite taille (7-9 mm) par rapport \u00e0 leurs ailes, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement quatre fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3948","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11834","trid":"114280","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11834"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"35422","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons non r\u00e9sineux, \u00e0 \u00e9cailles saillantes, recourb\u00e9es. Strobiles plus grands (8-20 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles tr\u00e8s saillantes et pointues","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28372","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35422","trid":"185072","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35422"},{"ID":"35419","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons r\u00e9sineux \u00e0 \u00e9cailles appliqu\u00e9es. Strobiles petits (5-7 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles renfl\u00e9es, d\u00e9prim\u00e9es au centre, avec une petite car\u00e8ne aigu\u00eb au centre","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28368","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35419","trid":"185070","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35419"},{"ID":"22938","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles nettement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9s, persistants de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ramilles cendr\u00e9es. Feuilles plus petites (5-12 cm) de couleur vert clair","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1741","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22938","trid":"116862","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22938"},{"ID":"35416","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, rapidement caducs. Ramilles jaun\u00e2tres ou ch\u00e2tains. Feuilles grandes (10-20 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28364","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35416","trid":"185068","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35416"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11799,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"Genre comprenant 130 esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9parties principalement dans l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. 3 esp\u00e8ces sont indig\u00e8nes du N. de l\u2019Afrique, \u00e0 abondance et r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gales : P. pinaster<\/strong> et P. nigra <\/strong>sont relativement rares, limit\u00e9es aux terrains humides temp\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 frais. En revanche, P. halepensis<\/strong>, qui tol\u00e8re bien la s\u00e9cheresse, forme des for\u00eats \u00e9tendues ici et l\u00e0 dans toute la r\u00e9gion, marquant fr\u00e9quemment la limite foresti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne en direction du Sahara.\r\n\r\nDes analyses anthracologiques r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans l\u2019ancienne ville ph\u00e9nicienne et romaine de Lixus (N.-O. du Maroc) y ont rev\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence il y a 2600 ans d\u2019une quatri\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce de pin : P. pinea<\/em>. Sur les sols calcaires dominaient les for\u00eats de Quercus ilex<\/em>, en association avec Q. coccifera <\/em>et Olea europaea<\/em>, et sur les acides celles de Q. suber <\/em>en association avec Erica <\/em>sp., les pins, bien que presque toujours rares, apparaissant dans les deux types de for\u00eats","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_modified_gmt":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11799}},"images":[{"ID":"30366","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:09","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 1. Joaqu\u00edn Molero","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. Port et habitat. Joaqu\u00edn Molero.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-1-joaquin-molero-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11837","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-1.-Joaquin-Molero.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22059","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30366","trid":"120123","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30366"},{"ID":"30375","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:14","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. For\u00eat mixte dans le Rif occidental (Nord-Ouest du Maroc), avec Abies marocana, Cedrus atlantica et Pinus nigra. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11837","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22068","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30375","trid":"120126","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30375"},{"ID":"30372","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:13","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:13","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. Feuilles et c\u00f4nes femelles, un ouvert de l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et 2 immatures de l'ann\u00e9e. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11837","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22065","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30372","trid":"120125","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30372"},{"ID":"30369","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:12","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:12","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. Feuilles et c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les ouverts. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:21","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11837","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22062","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30369","trid":"120124","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30369"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -3.83431429999996,34.80161150000004\",\" -3.850192999999933,34.80097710000007\",\" -3.862724299999968,34.79604350000005\",\" -3.869333599999948,34.79227260000005\",\" -3.875427199999933,34.78695060000007\",\" -3.874568899999929,34.77637630000004\",\" -3.870620199999962,34.76657590000008\",\" -3.865299199999924,34.75889050000006\",\" -3.858432899999968,34.75829190000007\",\" -3.836975099999961,34.76171100000005\",\" -3.827533999999957,34.76562440000004\",\" -3.824615499999936,34.76826840000007\",\" -3.818263999999942,34.78300300000007\",\" -3.81440159999994,34.78800800000005\",\" -3.816204099999936,34.79555010000007\",\" -3.826761199999964,34.80154100000004\",\" -3.83431429999996,34.80161150000004\"]","zone_2":"[\" -5.115852299999972,35.25536190000003\",\" -5.112590799999964,35.24372640000007\",\" -5.113191599999936,35.23447300000004\",\" -5.118513099999973,35.22795280000003\",\" -5.134048499999949,35.20144620000008\",\" -5.150184599999932,35.17647430000005\",\" -5.157909399999937,35.14700330000005\",\" -5.15739439999993,35.12791160000006\",\" -5.151386299999956,35.11246650000004\",\" -5.141601599999945,35.08514960000008\",\" -5.133876199999975,35.08100580000007\",\" -5.117740599999934,35.07805550000006\",\" -5.112204599999927,35.07851220000003\",\" -5.108728399999961,35.08135680000004\",\" -5.108256799999936,35.08356830000002\",\" -5.112655899999936,35.09513860000004\",\" -5.112366399999928,35.09881690000003\",\" -5.108815199999981,35.10298650000004\",\" -5.101948299999947,35.10393550000003\",\" -5.088558399999954,35.10230310000003\",\" -5.085296599999936,35.10347890000003\",\" -5.074481999999932,35.11302820000003\",\" -5.047702799999968,35.11050050000006\",\" -5.034316299999944,35.11694240000003\",\" -5.023673999999971,35.12675310000003\",\" -5.009937299999933,35.14300280000003\",\" -5.022468599999968,35.17542200000003\",\" -5.060834899999975,35.22655060000005\",\" -5.063238099999978,35.23818850000004\",\" -5.063366799999926,35.24842260000003\",\" -5.064589799999965,35.25147180000005\",\" -5.067529699999966,35.25367980000004\",\" -5.08924479999996,35.26272090000003\",\" -5.102634399999943,35.27288210000006\",\" -5.112848299999939,35.28094010000007\",\" -5.121002199999964,35.28591470000004\",\" -5.127439599999946,35.28612510000005\",\" -5.134906799999953,35.28311220000006\",\" -5.133962299999951,35.27225080000005\",\" -5.129756899999961,35.26166960000006\",\" -5.115852299999972,35.25536190000003\"]","zone_3":"[\" 4.103565200000048,36.48783320000007\",\" 4.084167000000036,36.48866590000006\",\" 4.027862500000026,36.48148430000003\",\" 3.994817700000056,36.47596320000002\",\" 3.980741500000022,36.46844000000004\",\" 3.966665300000045,36.46347010000005\",\" 3.958854700000074,36.45843040000005\",\" 3.966064500000073,36.45166540000002\",\" 3.98743630000007,36.44931800000006\",\" 4.016189600000075,36.44918000000007\",\" 4.059705700000052,36.44807530000003\",\" 4.119443900000022,36.42901740000008\",\" 4.174633000000029,36.43454190000006\",\" 4.203085600000065,36.43432070000006\",\" 4.233423800000026,36.42884360000005\",\" 4.237771000000066,36.43063080000007\",\" 4.241260000000068,36.43352290000007\",\" 4.244921200000022,36.44428660000006\",\" 4.251158500000031,36.45118360000004\",\" 4.302132400000062,36.45409670000004\",\" 4.337151000000063,36.46555480000006\",\" 4.337426200000039,36.46977530000004\",\" 4.334267900000043,36.47206320000004\",\" 4.319539500000076,36.47373930000003\",\" 4.249906500000066,36.48603900000006\",\" 4.201670200000024,36.47993250000008\",\" 4.172401400000069,36.47485890000007\",\" 4.131546000000071,36.48286460000003\",\" 4.103565200000048,36.48783320000007\"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":11837,"post_title":"Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne pouvant atteindre 20 m de haut, \u00e0 port tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier chez les exemplaires adultes, pyramidal chez les plus jeunes. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse gris\u00e2tre-argent\u00e9, qui devient gris fonc\u00e9 et tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Rameaux g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement verticill\u00e9s, arqu\u00e9s-ascendants dans les parties basses, irr\u00e9guliers vers la cime. Ramilles orang\u00e9es. Feuilles aciculaires, rigides, minces (10-14 \u00d7 0,16-0,19 cm), group\u00e9es en paires et entour\u00e9es \u00e0 la base d\u2019une fine gaine membraneuse. C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les subcylindriques (1,5-2 \u00d7 0,5-0,7 cm), subsessiles, de couleur jaun\u00e2tre, croissant en groupes au bout des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes tr\u00e8s courts (8-15 mm), solitaires ou verticill\u00e9s, de couleur rouge. Strobiles subsessiles, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse d\u00e9prim\u00e9e au centre de laquelle se pr\u00e9sente un petit appendice plus ou moins saillant. Pignons tr\u00e8s petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 aile relativement grande (20-25 mm).","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11837},{"short_name":"Pinus pinaster","name_html":"Pinus pinaster<\/strong> Aiton","short_description":"","common_names":"","other_name":"Fra.<\/em>: Pin maritime, pin de corte, pin m\u00e9sog\u00e9en.\u00a0\u00a0 Esp<\/em>.: Pino negral, pino rodeno, pino resinero.\u00a0\u00a0 Ang.<\/em>: Cluster pine, maritime pine. \u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Senuber, snuber.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: Ta\u00efda.","flowering":"mars-mai.","fruiting":"entre ao\u00fbt et octobre de la seconde ann\u00e9e, mais la pomme de pin ne s\u2019ouvre pour la diss\u00e9mination des graines qu\u2019au printemps de la troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e.","habitat":"Bien qu\u2019elle puisse en principe vivre depuis le niveau de la mer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2200 m, les premi\u00e8res r\u00e9f\u00e9rences de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce au Maroc (XIXe<\/sup> et d\u00e9but du XXe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle) la situent toujours en haute montagne. Ombrotype subhumide \u00e0 humide. Bien qu\u2019elle puisse bien vivre en terrains calcaires (Rif occidental, Haut Atlas), elle se d\u00e9veloppe pr\u00e9f\u00e9rablement sur sols siliceux.","distribution":"Son aire de r\u00e9partition est circonscrite \u00e0 la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e occidentale. Dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique, elle se fait assez rare en Tunisie (pr\u00e9sence uniquement \u00e0 Tabarka, Kroumirie) et en Alg\u00e9rie (Kabylie centro-orientale). Elle est davantage r\u00e9pandue au Maroc, (Rif centro-occidental, o\u00f9 elle forme de belles for\u00eats, Moyen Atlas oriental et Haut Atlas oriental).","observations":"Deux sous-esp\u00e8ces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cit\u00e9es dans la zone d\u2019\u00e9tude : P. pinaster<\/strong> subsp. escarena<\/strong> (Risso) K. Richt. [P. pinaster<\/em> subsp. hamiltonii<\/em> (Ten.) Villar], du Maroc et de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e fondamentalement par ses feuilles qui poss\u00e8dent 4-9 canaux r\u00e9sinif\u00e8res dans leur partie basale, et P. pinaster<\/strong> subsp. renoui <\/strong>(Villar) Maire, pr\u00e9sente en Alg\u00e9rie et en Tunisie, qui se diff\u00e9rencie de la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente pour ne pr\u00e9senter que deux canaux r\u00e9sinif\u00e8res. D\u2019autre part, et non sans cr\u00e9er une certaine pol\u00e9mique, diverses sous-esp\u00e8ces autochtones et allochtones ont \u00e9t\u00e9 massivement plant\u00e9es dans tout le Maghreb.","conservation":"Esp\u00e8ce tr\u00e8s commune et \u00e0 aire de r\u00e9partition vaste ; cependant, bien que localement commune, l\u2019aire de la sous-esp\u00e8ce renoui<\/em> est tr\u00e8s restreinte. Cette derni\u00e8re est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme En danger (EN) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale dans la Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces de l\u2019UICN (Farjon, 2013).","genus":{"11799":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10751","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:11","post_content":"Famille compos\u00e9e de 11 genres et environ 250 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres (rarement d\u2019arbustes), r\u00e9parties principalement dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Elles pr\u00e9sentent une grande valeur foresti\u00e8re de par leur r\u00e9sistance aux conditions climatologiques extr\u00eames, supportant des temp\u00e9ratures habituelles inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 z\u00e9ro. Les for\u00eats qu\u2019elles forment marquent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le niveau altitudinal et longitudinal sup\u00e9rieur de la couverture foresti\u00e8re. Certaines esp\u00e8ces, comme celles des genres Abies <\/strong>et Cedrus<\/strong>, sont tr\u00e8s importantes pour \u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9rosion et les \u00e9boulements dans les hautes montagnes o\u00f9 elles se d\u00e9veloppent.","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-04-23 08:28:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"64","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10751","trid":"113931","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10751"},"species":[{"ID":"11840","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne atteignant 20 m de haut en terrains tr\u00e8s favorables. Chez les exemplaires adultes, le port est tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier, mais d\u2019aspect g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arrondi. Les jeunes arbres ont un aspect conique. Suivant l\u2019habitat, le tronc est habituellement tortueux ou columnaire, pouvant atteindre 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre. Pin fr\u00e9quent sur les c\u00f4tes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, dans les zones les plus frapp\u00e9es par les temp\u00eates et sur sols rocheux, il prend souvent une forme buissonnante, arbustive, avec des exemplaires \u00e2g\u00e9s pouvant atteindre 10 m de diam\u00e8tre et \u00e0 peine 2 m de haut. L\u2019\u00e9corce est cendr\u00e9e, blanch\u00e2tre ou argent\u00e9e, caract\u00e9ristiquement lisse au d\u00e9but, tournant au brun ou au brun-rouge\u00e2tre et se fendillant avec l\u2019\u00e2ge. Rameaux et ramilles plus effil\u00e9s que chez d\u2019autres pins. Les feuilles naissent \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles group\u00e9es en paires sur une sorte de p\u00e9dicelle qui les entoure \u00e0 la base. Elles sont de couleur vert clair, flexibles et tr\u00e8s fines (6-15 \u00d7 0,05-0,1 cm). C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les oblongs (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm), jaun\u00e2tres, group\u00e9s en grand nombre en \u00e9pis cylindriques de 5-8 cm pr\u00e8s de l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes (5-12 mm), d\u2019abord de couleur vert-ros\u00e9, puis violac\u00e9s, longuement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9es. Strobiles caract\u00e9ristiques de par leur p\u00e9doncule \u00e9pais et ligneux de 1-2 cm, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (6-12 \u00d7 3,5-4,5 cm), allong\u00e9s, \u00e0 apophyse rhombo\u00efdale presque plane et petit appendice central \u00e9mouss\u00e9. Pignons petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 ailes 3-5 fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3954","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11840","trid":"114282","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11840"},{"ID":"11837","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de taille moyenne pouvant atteindre 20 m de haut, \u00e0 port tr\u00e8s irr\u00e9gulier chez les exemplaires adultes, pyramidal chez les plus jeunes. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse gris\u00e2tre-argent\u00e9, qui devient gris fonc\u00e9 et tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Rameaux g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement verticill\u00e9s, arqu\u00e9s-ascendants dans les parties basses, irr\u00e9guliers vers la cime. Ramilles orang\u00e9es. Feuilles aciculaires, rigides, minces (10-14 \u00d7 0,16-0,19 cm), group\u00e9es en paires et entour\u00e9es \u00e0 la base d\u2019une fine gaine membraneuse. C\u00f4nes m\u00e2les subcylindriques (1,5-2 \u00d7 0,5-0,7 cm), subsessiles, de couleur jaun\u00e2tre, croissant en groupes au bout des ramilles. C\u00f4nes femelles ovo\u00efdes tr\u00e8s courts (8-15 mm), solitaires ou verticill\u00e9s, de couleur rouge. Strobiles subsessiles, ovo\u00efdes-coniques (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse d\u00e9prim\u00e9e au centre de laquelle se pr\u00e9sente un petit appendice plus ou moins saillant. Pignons tr\u00e8s petits (5-7 mm), \u00e0 aile relativement grande (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 08:52:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3951","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11837","trid":"114281","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11837"},{"ID":"11834","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de 20-30 m de haut (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40 m), \u00e0 port irr\u00e9gulier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte, le houppier \u00e9tant situ\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la moiti\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure de l\u2019arbre. Jeune, il pr\u00e9sente un aspect pyramidal. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse brun-rouge\u00e2tre, noir\u00e2tre sur les couches externes, tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Les ramilles sont de couleur brun clair, ch\u00e2tain, parfois brun-rouge\u00e2tre. Les rameaux naissent en verticilles presque perpendiculaires au tronc, les plus bas parfois l\u00e9g\u00e8rement retombants, les sup\u00e9rieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arqu\u00e9s-ascendants. Feuilles aciculaires, semi-rigides, \u00e9paisses et longues (10-27 \u00d7 0,2-0,25 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9, naissant en fascicules de 2, envelopp\u00e9es \u00e0 la base par une gaine membraneuse. Les c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les naissent en groupes au bout des ramilles, ils sont longuement ovo\u00efdes (1-3 \u00d7 0,4-0,6 cm), de couleur orang\u00e9. Les c\u00f4nes femelles forment des verticilles de 2 \u00e0 3, ovo\u00efdes (2-2,5 cm), rouge\u00e2tres. Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, de forme ovo\u00efde-conique et souvent courb\u00e9s (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse robuste, tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e, pyramidale. Chacune pr\u00e9sente 2 pignons de tr\u00e8s petite taille (7-9 mm) par rapport \u00e0 leurs ailes, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement quatre fois plus grandes.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3948","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11834","trid":"114280","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11834"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"35422","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons non r\u00e9sineux, \u00e0 \u00e9cailles saillantes, recourb\u00e9es. Strobiles plus grands (8-20 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles tr\u00e8s saillantes et pointues","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28372","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35422","trid":"185072","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35422"},{"ID":"35419","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Bourgeons r\u00e9sineux \u00e0 \u00e9cailles appliqu\u00e9es. Strobiles petits (5-7 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles renfl\u00e9es, d\u00e9prim\u00e9es au centre, avec une petite car\u00e8ne aigu\u00eb au centre","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28368","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35419","trid":"185070","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35419"},{"ID":"22938","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles nettement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9s, persistants de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ramilles cendr\u00e9es. Feuilles plus petites (5-12 cm) de couleur vert clair","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1741","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22938","trid":"116862","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22938"},{"ID":"35416","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, rapidement caducs. Ramilles jaun\u00e2tres ou ch\u00e2tains. Feuilles grandes (10-20 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28364","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35416","trid":"185068","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35416"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11799,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"Genre comprenant 130 esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9parties principalement dans l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. 3 esp\u00e8ces sont indig\u00e8nes du N. de l\u2019Afrique, \u00e0 abondance et r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gales : P. pinaster<\/strong> et P. nigra <\/strong>sont relativement rares, limit\u00e9es aux terrains humides temp\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 frais. En revanche, P. halepensis<\/strong>, qui tol\u00e8re bien la s\u00e9cheresse, forme des for\u00eats \u00e9tendues ici et l\u00e0 dans toute la r\u00e9gion, marquant fr\u00e9quemment la limite foresti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne en direction du Sahara.\r\n\r\nDes analyses anthracologiques r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans l\u2019ancienne ville ph\u00e9nicienne et romaine de Lixus (N.-O. du Maroc) y ont rev\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence il y a 2600 ans d\u2019une quatri\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce de pin : P. pinea<\/em>. Sur les sols calcaires dominaient les for\u00eats de Quercus ilex<\/em>, en association avec Q. coccifera <\/em>et Olea europaea<\/em>, et sur les acides celles de Q. suber <\/em>en association avec Erica <\/em>sp., les pins, bien que presque toujours rares, apparaissant dans les deux types de for\u00eats","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_modified_gmt":"2021-07-05 15:31:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11799}},"images":[{"ID":"27997","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. Feuilles et c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les encore ferm\u00e9s. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:44:11","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:44:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11834","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19887","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27997","trid":"119085","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27997"},{"ID":"27999","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. Feuilles et c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les ouverts. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:43:59","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:43:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11834","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19889","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27999","trid":"119086","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27999"},{"ID":"28001","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. Feuilles et c\u00f4ne femelle. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:43:49","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:43:49","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11834","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19891","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28001","trid":"119087","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28001"},{"ID":"28003","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 5. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. For\u00eats du Rif occidental (Nord-Ouest du Maroc). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:43:17","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:43:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11834","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19893","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28003","trid":"119088","language_code":"fr","source_language_code":"es","id":"4","code":"fr","english_name":"French","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"fr_FR","tag":"fr","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28003"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" 8.900375406100181,37.0198750503933\",\" 8.887633786170341,37.010549732784\",\" 8.874591544464238,37.0011014841462\",\" 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\"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":11834,"post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_content":"Arbre \u00e0 feuilles persistantes, mono\u00efque, de 20-30 m de haut (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40 m), \u00e0 port irr\u00e9gulier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte, le houppier \u00e9tant situ\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la moiti\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure de l\u2019arbre. Jeune, il pr\u00e9sente un aspect pyramidal. Tronc de jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,5 m de diam\u00e8tre, droit, \u00e0 \u00e9corce \u00e9paisse brun-rouge\u00e2tre, noir\u00e2tre sur les couches externes, tr\u00e8s fendill\u00e9e chez les vieux exemplaires. Les ramilles sont de couleur brun clair, ch\u00e2tain, parfois brun-rouge\u00e2tre. Les rameaux naissent en verticilles presque perpendiculaires au tronc, les plus bas parfois l\u00e9g\u00e8rement retombants, les sup\u00e9rieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement arqu\u00e9s-ascendants. Feuilles aciculaires, semi-rigides, \u00e9paisses et longues (10-27 \u00d7 0,2-0,25 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9, naissant en fascicules de 2, envelopp\u00e9es \u00e0 la base par une gaine membraneuse. Les c\u00f4nes m\u00e2les naissent en groupes au bout des ramilles, ils sont longuement ovo\u00efdes (1-3 \u00d7 0,4-0,6 cm), de couleur orang\u00e9. Les c\u00f4nes femelles forment des verticilles de 2 \u00e0 3, ovo\u00efdes (2-2,5 cm), rouge\u00e2tres. Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, de forme ovo\u00efde-conique et souvent courb\u00e9s (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). \u00c9cailles \u00e0 apophyse robuste, tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e, pyramidale. Chacune pr\u00e9sente 2 pignons de tr\u00e8s petite taille (7-9 mm) par rapport \u00e0 leurs ailes, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement quatre fois plus grandes.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:37:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11834}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":35422,"post_title":"Bourgeons non r\u00e9sineux, \u00e0 \u00e9cailles saillantes, recourb\u00e9es. Strobiles plus grands (8-20 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles tr\u00e8s saillantes et pointues","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-non-resineux-a-ecailles-saillantes-recourbees-strobiles-plus-grands-8-20-cm-a-ecailles-tres-saillantes-et-pointues\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":35422},{"ID":35419,"post_title":"Bourgeons r\u00e9sineux \u00e0 \u00e9cailles appliqu\u00e9es. Strobiles petits (5-7 cm), \u00e0 \u00e9cailles renfl\u00e9es, d\u00e9prim\u00e9es au centre, avec une petite car\u00e8ne aigu\u00eb au centre","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bourgeons-resineux-a-ecailles-appliquees-strobiles-petits-5-7-cm-a-ecailles-renflees-deprimees-au-centre-avec-une-petite-carene-aigue-au-centre\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":35419},{"ID":22938,"post_title":"Strobiles nettement p\u00e9doncul\u00e9s, persistants de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ramilles cendr\u00e9es. Feuilles plus petites (5-12 cm) de couleur vert clair","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:16:56","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-nettement-pedoncules-persistants-de-nombreuses-annees-ramilles-cendrees-feuilles-plus-petites-5-12-cm-de-couleur-vert-clair\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":22938},{"ID":35416,"post_title":"Strobiles sessiles ou subsessiles, rapidement caducs. Ramilles jaun\u00e2tres ou ch\u00e2tains. Feuilles grandes (10-20 cm) de couleur vert fonc\u00e9","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:05","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:17:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobiles-sessiles-ou-subsessiles-rapidement-caducs-ramilles-jaunatres-ou-chatains-feuilles-grandes-10-20-cm-de-couleur-vert-fonce\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":35416}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"yoast_head":"\nPinus L. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pinus L. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genre comprenant 130 esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9parties principalement dans l’h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. 3 esp\u00e8ces sont indig\u00e8nes du N. de l\u2019Afrique, \u00e0 abondance et r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gales : P. pinaster et P. nigra sont relativement rares, limit\u00e9es aux terrains humides temp\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 frais. 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