{"id":11619,"date":"2020-11-10T09:01:51","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/rhizophora-l\/"},"modified":"2023-01-22T19:18:10","modified_gmt":"2023-01-22T19:18:10","slug":"rhizophora-l","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/genres\/rhizophora-l\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhizophora L."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Genre compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;environ 8 esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres et d&rsquo;arbustes, connus sous le nom de pal\u00e9tuviers rouges. Ils vivent sur les c\u00f4tes marines tropicales de presque toute la plan\u00e8te. Trois esp\u00e8ces du genre vivent en Afrique du Nord : <strong>R. mucronata<\/strong> Lam., originaire de l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Indien et du Pacifique occidental, <strong>R. racemosa<\/strong> G.May. et <strong>R. mangle<\/strong> L. des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l&rsquo;Atlantique. Une autre esp\u00e8ce a traditionnellement \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;Atlantique, mais elle semble \u00eatre un hybride entre <em>R. racemosa<\/em> et <em>R. mangle<\/em>, avec qui elle vit : <strong>Rhizophora \u00d7 harrisonii<\/strong> Leechm.<\/p>\n<p>Vivant dans les eaux marines sal\u00e9es, ces esp\u00e8ces ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des racines a\u00e9riennes dans les parties inf\u00e9rieure et m\u00e9diane de la tige, parfois suspendues aux branches de la couronne. Ces racines ont des lenticelles dans l&rsquo;\u00e9corce reli\u00e9es au tissu spongieux \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur, ce qui permet \u00e0 la plante de stocker de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne lorsqu&rsquo;elle est sous l&rsquo;eau. Une autre adaptation surprenante est son mode de reproduction. La graine germe dans le fruit avant de tomber, formant une propagule tr\u00e8s allong\u00e9e qui d\u00e9passe parfois 60 cm avant de tomber dans l&rsquo;eau.<\/p>\n<p>Ces esp\u00e8ces, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres arbres et arbustes, \u00e9galement dot\u00e9s d&rsquo;adaptations particuli\u00e8res \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau de mer, forment parfois des for\u00eats denses et \u00e9tendues \u00e0 haute valeur \u00e9cologique : les mangroves.<\/p>\n<p>Sur les c\u00f4tes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, les mangroves ont persist\u00e9 au moins jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la fin du Tertiaire (cf. Sendra et al. 2000, Popescu et al. 2021) mais avec la succession des p\u00e9riodes glaciaires du Quaternaire et le d\u00e9tournement des courants marins chauds, elles ont disparu de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et, sur les c\u00f4tes atlantiques, le long de la c\u00f4te du Sahara occidental, leur aire s&rsquo;est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e vers le Sud.<\/p>\n<p>Actuellement les mangroves atlantiques les plus septentrionales se trouvent au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, quasiment en dehors de la zone g\u00e9ographique de ce projet. La v\u00e9g\u00e9tation des mangroves d&rsquo;Afrique atlantique est domin\u00e9e par 6 esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres et de grands arbustes. Les mieux repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sont les pal\u00e9tuviers rouges (ceux d\u00e9j\u00e0 cit\u00e9s du genre <em>Rhizophora<\/em>, 2 esp\u00e8ces + leur hybride) et les pal\u00e9tuviers blancs, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par le genre <em>Avicennia<\/em>, avec le pal\u00e9tuvier sal\u00e9, <em>A. germinans<\/em> (L.) L. Deux esp\u00e8ces moins abondantes de la famille des <em>Combretaceae<\/em> sont le pal\u00e9tuvier jaune <em>Laguncularia racemosa<\/em> (L.) C.F.Gaertn. (<em>Conocarpus racemosa<\/em> L.) et le pal\u00e9tuvier <em>Conocarpus erectus<\/em> L.<\/p>\n<p>En Afrique orientale, les eaux chaudes de la mer Rouge ont permis, malgr\u00e9 l&rsquo;humanisation ancienne et intense de ces c\u00f4tes, des mangroves de subsister beaucoup plus au nord, sous la forme de pieds isol\u00e9s ou de bosquets d&rsquo;<em>Avicennia marina<\/em> (Forssk.) Vierh., qui trouve sa limite nord au Sina\u00ef. Plus au sud, il est rejoint par <em>R. mucronata<\/em>, qui trouve sa limite nord \u00e0 la hauteur de la fronti\u00e8re soudano-\u00e9gyptienne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-11619","genus","type-genus","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rhizophora L. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rhizophora L. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genre compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;environ 8 esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres et d&rsquo;arbustes, connus sous le nom de pal\u00e9tuviers rouges. Ils vivent sur les c\u00f4tes marines tropicales de presque toute la plan\u00e8te. 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