{"id":11214,"date":"2020-11-10T09:01:24","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/avicennia-l\/"},"modified":"2023-05-28T20:06:52","modified_gmt":"2023-05-28T20:06:52","slug":"avicennia-l","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/genres\/avicennia-l\/","title":{"rendered":"Avicennia L."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Genre compos\u00e9 de 9 esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres et de grands arbustes, appel\u00e9s pal\u00e9tuviers blancs (par opposition aux pal\u00e9tuviers rouges aux feuilles un peu plus fonc\u00e9es du genre <em>Rhizophora<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>La position taxonomique de <em>Avicennia<\/em> L. a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 controvers\u00e9e, depuis sa s\u00e9paration par Endlicher (1841) pour former la famille Avicenniaceae, dot\u00e9e uniquement de ce genre. Cette famille a traditionnellement \u00e9t\u00e9 incluse dans Verbenaceae en tant que sous-famille, mais il semblerait qu\u2019elle devrait \u00eatre situ\u00e9e dans Acanthaceae, \u00e9galement en tant que sous-famille Avicennioideae, compte tenu des singularit\u00e9s de son port et de sa structure florale.<\/p>\n<p>Les mangroves blanches sont r\u00e9parties le long des zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res des zones tropicales et subtropicales de la plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re. Les pal\u00e9tuviers se d\u00e9veloppent dans cet habitat salin particulier et variable en raison des mar\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des adaptations morphologiques sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, telles que les pneumatophores qui s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent verticalement du sol, au-dessus du niveau de l\u2019eau, et qui leur permettent de respirer de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne m\u00eame lorsque le reste de leurs racines et la base de leurs tiges sont submerg\u00e9s. De m\u00eame, ils disposent d\u2019un syst\u00e8me tr\u00e8s efficace destin\u00e9 \u00e0 expulser le sel des feuilles et ramilles au travers de leurs cellules, \u00e0 l&rsquo;instar d&rsquo;autres esp\u00e8ces vivant en milieux hypersalins du Sahara, comme certaines Amaranthac\u00e9es ou Tamaricac\u00e9es. Une autre de ses particularit\u00e9s est sa forme de reproduction vivipare. La graine germe \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du fruit avant de tomber de l&rsquo;arbre. Une fois que le fruit tombe dans l&rsquo;eau, il a jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 4 jours pour s&rsquo;ouvrir et lib\u00e9rer la propagule, une action qui d\u00e9pend de la temp\u00e9rature et de la salinit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;eau. Loin des embouchures des fleuves, c&rsquo;est apr\u00e8s les pluies, lorsque la salinit\u00e9 diminue, que le fruit s&rsquo;ouvre permettant \u00e0 la propagule de s&rsquo;enraciner dans le sol.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le Nord de l\u2019Afrique 2 esp\u00e8ces, une en Mer Rouge et les oc\u00e9ans Indien et Pacifique occidental, <strong>A. marina<\/strong>, et une autre dans les oc\u00e9ans Atlantique et Pacifique oriental, <strong>A. germinans<\/strong>. Dans des conditions optimales de sol, de salinit\u00e9 et de temp\u00e9rature, avec d&rsquo;autres arbres, principalement du genre Rhizophora, ils forment des for\u00eats denses et \u00e9tendues dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, des for\u00eats c\u00f4ti\u00e8res tropicales appel\u00e9es mangroves.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-11214","genus","type-genus","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Avicennia L. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Avicennia L. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genre compos\u00e9 de 9 esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres et de grands arbustes, appel\u00e9s pal\u00e9tuviers blancs (par opposition aux pal\u00e9tuviers rouges aux feuilles un peu plus fonc\u00e9es du genre Rhizophora). La position taxonomique de Avicennia L. a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 controvers\u00e9e, depuis sa s\u00e9paration par Endlicher (1841) pour former la famille Avicenniaceae, dot\u00e9e uniquement de ce genre. Cette famille...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/generos\/avicennia-l-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-28T20:06:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/generos\\\/avicennia-l-3\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/generos\\\/avicennia-l-3\\\/\",\"name\":\"Avicennia L. - North Africa Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-10T09:01:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-28T20:06:52+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/generos\\\/avicennia-l-3\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/generos\\\/avicennia-l-3\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/generos\\\/avicennia-l-3\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Avicennia L.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.northafricatrees.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Avicennia L. - North Africa Trees","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow"},"og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Avicennia L. - North Africa Trees","og_description":"Genre compos\u00e9 de 9 esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres et de grands arbustes, appel\u00e9s pal\u00e9tuviers blancs (par opposition aux pal\u00e9tuviers rouges aux feuilles un peu plus fonc\u00e9es du genre Rhizophora). La position taxonomique de Avicennia L. a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 controvers\u00e9e, depuis sa s\u00e9paration par Endlicher (1841) pour former la famille Avicenniaceae, dot\u00e9e uniquement de ce genre. Cette famille...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/generos\/avicennia-l-3\/","og_site_name":"North Africa Trees","article_modified_time":"2023-05-28T20:06:52+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/generos\/avicennia-l-3\/","url":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/generos\/avicennia-l-3\/","name":"Avicennia L. - North Africa Trees","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-11-10T09:01:24+00:00","dateModified":"2023-05-28T20:06:52+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/generos\/avicennia-l-3\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/generos\/avicennia-l-3\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/generos\/avicennia-l-3\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Avicennia L."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/","name":"North Africa Trees","description":"\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \u00c1frica","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/#organization","name":"North \u00e1frica trees","url":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png","width":80,"height":70,"caption":"North \u00e1frica trees"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/genus\/11214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/genus"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/genus"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}