{"id":11118,"date":"2020-11-10T09:01:17","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/scrophularia-l\/"},"modified":"2026-07-28T11:24:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T11:24:32","slug":"scrophularia-l","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/genres\/scrophularia-l\/","title":{"rendered":"Scrophularia L."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Genre comprenant environ 86 esp\u00e8ces, arbustives et herbac\u00e9es principalement, r\u00e9parties dans les zones temp\u00e9r\u00e9es de l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Dans le N. de l\u2019Afrique, il est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par 18 esp\u00e8ces, certaines enti\u00e8rement herbac\u00e9es, telles que <em>S. arguta<\/em>, la plupart p\u00e9rennes et plus ou moins ligneuses \u00e0 la base, bien qu\u2019une seule (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/fr\/esp%C3%A8ce\/scrophularia-canina-l-3\/\"><strong>S. canina<\/strong><\/a>) puisse \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e arbustive. Parmi les autres esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 tiges l\u00e9g\u00e8rement lignifi\u00e9es, les 4 suivantes se distinguent par leur port plus important :<\/p>\n<p><strong>S. xanthoglossa<\/strong> Boiss. (<em>Ara.<\/em> : Qartam, berwek), tr\u00e8s semblable \u00e0 <em>S. canina<\/em>, poss\u00e8de \u00e9galement la base des tiges l\u00e9g\u00e8rement lignifi\u00e9e et peut atteindre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 80 cm de haut. Elle se diff\u00e9rencie cependant bien par ses feuilles bipennatis\u00e9qu\u00e9es et staminode orbiculaire. Son aire de r\u00e9partition correspond essentiellement au S.-O. de l&rsquo;Asie, n&rsquo;\u00e9tant pr\u00e9sente dans le N. de l&rsquo;Afrique qu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;E. du Nil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S. frutescens<\/strong> L., sous-arbuste pouvant atteindre 70 cm de haut, \u00e0 staminode lin\u00e9aire et divisions du calcine \u00e0 bord membraneux large et dent\u00e9 comme <em>S. canina<\/em>, mais pr\u00e9sentant les feuilles plus crasses, enti\u00e8res, \u00e0 exception des inf\u00e9rieures, habituellement pennatifides. Elle vit dans les dunes et les sols sableux du S. de la p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique et du littoral atlantique du Maroc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S. syriaca<\/strong> A.DC. [<em>S. saharae <\/em>Batt., <em>S. hypericifolia<\/em> auct., non Wydler] et <strong>S.<\/strong> <strong>macrorrhyncha <\/strong>(Humbert, Litard. &amp; Maire) Ibn Tattou sont des sous-arbustes atteignant \u00e0 peine 50 cm de haut, \u00e0 staminode \u00e9galement lin\u00e9aire, parfois subov\u00e9 chez la premi\u00e8re, mais \u00e0 lobes du calice \u00e0 bord scarieux \u00e9troit et entier. Chez <em>S. syriaca<\/em>, la corolle est brun\u00e2tre et de 4-5 mm et les capsules de 3-4 mm, tandis que chez <em>S.<\/em> <em>macrorrhyncha<\/em> la corolle est rouge-pourpr\u00e9 et un peu plus grande (5-6 mm) et les capsules \u00e9galement plus grandes (6-8 mm) ; la premi\u00e8re est une plante de la r\u00e9gion saharo-arabique, qui appara\u00eet dans les aires s\u00e8ches et d\u00e9sertiques du N. de l\u2019Afrique, tandis que la seconde est end\u00e9mique du Maroc, son aire de r\u00e9partition s\u2019\u00e9tendant de l\u2019Anti-Atlas au N.-E. du pays.<\/p>\n<p>Autre esp\u00e8ce sous-arbustive du N. de l\u2019Afrique, d\u00e9passant \u00e0 peine 50 cm de haut, <strong>Lindenbergia sinaica<\/strong> (Decne.) Benth. est un petit sous-arbrisseau pubescent-glanduleux \u00e0 feuilles oppos\u00e9es, ov\u00e9es \u00e0 subtriangulaires, courtement p\u00e9tiol\u00e9es, et fleurs violettes \u00e0 l\u00e8vre inf\u00e9rieure jaune, dispos\u00e9es en rac\u00e8me spiciformes l\u00e2ches. Propre de la r\u00e9gion saharo-arabique, elle appara\u00eet dans le N. de l&rsquo;Afrique dans les zones d\u00e9sertiques d&rsquo;\u00c9gypte qui s&rsquo;\u00e9tendent entre le Nil et les c\u00f4tes de la mer Rouge, ainsi que dans la p\u00e9ninsule du Sina\u00ef.<\/p>\n<p>Esp\u00e8ces peu communes et \u00e0 aire de r\u00e9partition restreinte. Elles ne sont actuellement pas \u00e9valu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale dans la Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces de l\u2019UICN. Dans le Livre Rouge de la flore vasculaire du Maroc (Fennane, 2021), <em>S. macrorrhyncha<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme Vuln\u00e9rable (VU).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-11118","genus","type-genus","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Scrophularia L. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scrophularia L. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genre comprenant environ 86 esp\u00e8ces, arbustives et herbac\u00e9es principalement, r\u00e9parties dans les zones temp\u00e9r\u00e9es de l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. 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