{"id":13533,"date":"2020-11-10T10:09:22","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/sambucus-nigra-l\/"},"modified":"2021-10-27T11:14:37","modified_gmt":"2021-10-27T11:14:37","slug":"sambucus-nigra-l","status":"publish","type":"species","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/sambucus-nigra-l\/","title":{"rendered":"Sambucus nigra L."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Deciduous shrub, hermaphrodite, very ramose (it sometimes becomes a tree), reaching up to 5 m in height. Crown rounded, relatively dense. When it is a small tree, stem is usually almost straight, with wrinkled bark, suberose, fissured, brown-greyish, with characteristic scales or white lenticels. Branches with bark slightly or not fissured, greyish, with abundant white pith. Branchlets greyish-greenish, and totally green towards the end. Leaves large, compound, imparipinnate, with 5-7 leaflets 5-20 \u00d7 2.5-10 cm, ovate-lanceolate, with serrated margin and acute apex, glabrous on the upper side and somewhat hairy on the underside. Stipules caducous. Flowers small (4-6 mm in diameter), very fragrant, grouped densely in flat corymbiform cymes, first erect then pendulous. Corolla with 5 white petals. Calyx ovoid, fused to the ovary, with 5 acute and equal lobes. Stamens 5. Fruits appear densely grouped in pendulous cymes; small globose berries, first green, then black. Seeds 3-5, oblong and compressed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","short_name":"Sambucus nigra","name_html":"<strong>Sambucus nigra<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","common_names":"","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Elder, elderberry.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa<\/em>.: Sa\u00faco, sabuco.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre<\/em>.: Sureau noir.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Khiluant, khiruan, khaman, bila\u00e7an, bala\u00e7an, sembuqa, chbuka, bu ruabez, ud trateq, wijjan.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Tam<\/em>.: Akhiluan, agueridd, Ilmichki, turuagt, burruabes, timermenna, aruari, taurira, liruri, tichki, ahlij.","flowering":"April to May.","fruiting":"August to September.","habitat":"It grows in all types of soils, as long as they are humid. Generally, near permanent rivers and streams, in areas of dry and subhumid bioclimate. It withstands cold and lack of direct sunlight; on the other hand, it hardly grows in warm and sunny areas.","distribution":"This is a rather rare shrub, appearing only in some cool and humid mountainous locations of the Mediterranean region. Absent from the steppe areas, the Saharan Atlas and the Anti-Atlas.","observations":"For several authors its presence in North Africa is due to old introductions and it has now become naturalised. The other species of the genus in the region is <em>S. ebulus<\/em> L., a plant with herbaceous stems up to 1.5 m in height and compound leaves, with 7-11 leaflets.","conservation":"Fairly rare species but widely distributed. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>.","genus":[{"short_name":"Sambucus","name_html":"<strong>Sambucus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Bolli, R. 1994. Revision of the Genus <em>Sambucus<\/em>. <em>Dissert. Bot<\/em>. 223: 256 pp.\r\n\r\nSchwerin, F. Graf Von, 1920. Revisio generis <em>Sambucus<\/em>. <em>Mitt. Deutsch. <\/em><em>Dendrol. Ges<\/em>. 29: 194-231.","custom_author":"B. Vald\u00e9s & J. Charco.","family":{"10977":{"name_html":"<strong>ADOXACEAE <\/strong>E. Mey. (Incl. SAMBUCACEAE Link y VIBURNACEAE Dum.)","short_name":"ADOXACEAE","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"B. Vald\u00e9s & J. Charco.","genuses":[{"ID":"11041","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:12","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:12","post_content":"Genus composed of 22 species distributed through the temperate and subtropical zones of both hemispheres. In North Africa it is represented by 2 species, both distributed through the most humid places in the Mediterranean region. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/sambucus-nigra-l\/\"><strong>S. nigra<\/strong><\/a>, is a well-developed shrub that sometimes becomes a small tree. The other, <em>S. ebulus<\/em>, is a plant with herbaceous stems that can reach up to 1.5 m long.","post_title":"Sambucus L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-20 12:25:48","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-20 12:25:48","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/sambucus-l-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"972","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11041","trid":"114021","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11041"},{"ID":"11038","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:11","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:11","post_content":"<p>Genus composed of 160 species distributed mainly through the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, with some species in mountainous areas of South America and SW Asia. In North Africa there are 2 species with very unequal distribution and abundance. <strong>V. tinus<\/strong><em>,<\/em> is common and widely distributed throughout almost the entire non-steppic Mediterranean area, while <strong>V. lantana<\/strong> is only found in some areas of the Middle Atlas and Tellian Atlas.<\/p>","post_title":"Viburnum L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"viburnum-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 09:01:11","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/viburnum-l-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"969","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11038","trid":"114020","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11038"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"31818","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves compound, with 5-7 leaflets. Fruits spherical, black","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-compound-with-5-7-leaflets-fruits-spherical-black","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-compound-with-5-7-leaflets-fruits-spherical-black\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"23566","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"31818","trid":"182668","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"31818"},{"ID":"31821","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves simple. Fruits not spherical, reddish or black-blueish","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-simple-fruits-not-spherical-reddish-or-black-blueish","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:40:00","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-simple-fruits-not-spherical-reddish-or-black-blueish\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"23570","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"31821","trid":"182670","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"31821"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"76","ID":10977,"post_title":"ADOXACEAE E. Mey.","post_content":"<p>Family composed of 5 genera and about 200 species of perennial herbaceous plants and, more frequently, shrubs and trees, distributed throughout the temperate and tropical areas of almost the entire world. In North Africa it is represented by 2 genera with woody and shrubby species, <strong>Sambucus<\/strong> and <strong>Viburnum<\/strong>.<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:22","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:22","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"adoxaceae-e-mey","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:22","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:22","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/adoxaceae-e-mey\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10977}},"species":{"13533":{"short_name":"Sambucus nigra","name_html":"<strong>Sambucus nigra<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","common_names":"","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Elder, elderberry.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa<\/em>.: Sa\u00faco, sabuco.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre<\/em>.: Sureau noir.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Khiluant, khiruan, khaman, bila\u00e7an, bala\u00e7an, sembuqa, chbuka, bu ruabez, ud trateq, wijjan.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Tam<\/em>.: Akhiluan, agueridd, Ilmichki, turuagt, burruabes, timermenna, aruari, taurira, liruri, tichki, ahlij.","flowering":"April to May.","fruiting":"August to September.","habitat":"It grows in all types of soils, as long as they are humid. Generally, near permanent rivers and streams, in areas of dry and subhumid bioclimate. It withstands cold and lack of direct sunlight; on the other hand, it hardly grows in warm and sunny areas.","distribution":"This is a rather rare shrub, appearing only in some cool and humid mountainous locations of the Mediterranean region. Absent from the steppe areas, the Saharan Atlas and the Anti-Atlas.","observations":"For several authors its presence in North Africa is due to old introductions and it has now become naturalised. The other species of the genus in the region is <em>S. ebulus<\/em> L., a plant with herbaceous stems up to 1.5 m in height and compound leaves, with 7-11 leaflets.","conservation":"Fairly rare species but widely distributed. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>.","genus":[{"ID":"11041","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:12","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:12","post_content":"Genus composed of 22 species distributed through the temperate and subtropical zones of both hemispheres. In North Africa it is represented by 2 species, both distributed through the most humid places in the Mediterranean region. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/sambucus-nigra-l\/\"><strong>S. nigra<\/strong><\/a>, is a well-developed shrub that sometimes becomes a small tree. The other, <em>S. ebulus<\/em>, is a plant with herbaceous stems that can reach up to 1.5 m long.","post_title":"Sambucus L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-20 12:25:48","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-20 12:25:48","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/sambucus-l-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"972","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11041","trid":"114021","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11041"}],"images":[{"ID":"28718","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 14:02:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 14:02:46","post_content":"","post_title":"Sambucus nigra. 1. Enrique Triano","post_excerpt":"Sambucus nigra. Leaves and inflorescences. Enrique Triano.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-nigra-1-enrique-triano-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13533","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sambucus-nigra.-1.-Enrique-Triano.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20608","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28718","trid":"119446","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28718"},{"ID":"28720","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 14:02:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 14:02:46","post_content":"","post_title":"Sambucus nigra. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Sambucus nigra. Leaves and inflorescences. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-nigra-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13533","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sambucus-nigra.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20610","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28720","trid":"119447","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28720"},{"ID":"28722","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 14:02:48","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 14:02:48","post_content":"","post_title":"Sambucus nigra. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Sambucus nigra. Leaves and infrutescencias with ripe fruits (berries). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-nigra-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13533","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sambucus-nigra.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20612","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28722","trid":"119448","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28722"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"","zone_2":"","zone_3":"","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":13533,"post_title":"Sambucus nigra L.","post_content":"Deciduous shrub, hermaphrodite, very ramose (it sometimes becomes a tree), reaching up to 5 m in height. Crown rounded, relatively dense. When it is a small tree, stem is usually almost straight, with wrinkled bark, suberose, fissured, brown-greyish, with characteristic scales or white lenticels. Branches with bark slightly or not fissured, greyish, with abundant white pith. Branchlets greyish-greenish, and totally green towards the end. Leaves large, compound, imparipinnate, with 5-7 leaflets 5-20 \u00d7 2.5-10 cm, ovate-lanceolate, with serrated margin and acute apex, glabrous on the upper side and somewhat hairy on the underside. Stipules caducous. Flowers small (4-6 mm in diameter), very fragrant, grouped densely in flat corymbiform cymes, first erect then pendulous. Corolla with 5 white petals. Calyx ovoid, fused to the ovary, with 5 acute and equal lobes. Stamens 5. Fruits appear densely grouped in pendulous cymes; small globose berries, first green, then black. Seeds 3-5, oblong and compressed.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:09:22","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:09:22","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-nigra-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 11:14:37","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 11:14:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/sambucus-nigra-l\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":13533}},"groups_keys":[],"title_groups_keys":[],"groups_keys_2":[],"title_groups_keys_2":[],"groups_keys_3":[],"title_groups_keys_3":[],"images":false,"ID":11041,"post_title":"Sambucus L.","post_content":"Genus composed of 22 species distributed through the temperate and subtropical zones of both hemispheres. In North Africa it is represented by 2 species, both distributed through the most humid places in the Mediterranean region. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/sambucus-nigra-l\/\"><strong>S. nigra<\/strong><\/a>, is a well-developed shrub that sometimes becomes a small tree. The other, <em>S. ebulus<\/em>, is a plant with herbaceous stems that can reach up to 1.5 m long.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:12","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:12","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-20 12:25:48","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-20 12:25:48","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/sambucus-l-2\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11041}],"images":[{"ID":"28718","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 14:02:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 14:02:46","post_content":"","post_title":"Sambucus nigra. 1. Enrique Triano","post_excerpt":"Sambucus nigra. Leaves and inflorescences. 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Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Sambucus nigra. Leaves and inflorescences. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-nigra-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13533","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sambucus-nigra.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20610","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28720","trid":"119447","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28720"},{"ID":"28722","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 14:02:48","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 14:02:48","post_content":"","post_title":"Sambucus nigra. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Sambucus nigra. Leaves and infrutescencias with ripe fruits (berries). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sambucus-nigra-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 11:14:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13533","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sambucus-nigra.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20612","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28722","trid":"119448","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28722"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"","zone_2":"","zone_3":"","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.6.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sambucus nigra L. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sambucus nigra L. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Deciduous shrub, hermaphrodite, very ramose (it sometimes becomes a tree), reaching up to 5 m in height. Crown rounded, relatively dense. When it is a small tree, stem is usually almost straight, with wrinkled bark, suberose, fissured, brown-greyish, with characteristic scales or white lenticels. 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