{"id":12699,"date":"2020-11-10T10:08:12","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/"},"modified":"2026-07-24T11:16:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T11:16:32","slug":"frangula-alnus-mill","status":"publish","type":"species","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/","title":{"rendered":"Frangula alnus Mill."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Shrub or small tree, deciduous, dioecious, unarmed, up to 5(8) m in height. Trunk well defined, with brown-blackish bark. Branches and branchlets alternate, glabrous, reddish-brown, smooth and shiny. Leaves (2-8 \u00d7 1-4 cm) alternate, oval-oblong, ending in an acute tip, attenuated or rounded at the base, with subentire or dentate margin, with obtuse teeth; veins highly conspicuous (7-11 pairs), lateral, almost straight and parallel. Young leaves slightly pubescent then glabrous, green on both sides. Petiole well developed, with promptly caducous herbaceous stipules. Inflorescence in axillary cymes with about 4-5 flowers. Calyx shortly campanulate, green, with 5 longly triangular sepals; petals 5, whitish, oval, each wrapping around a stamen, included in the calyx. Fruit a globose drupe, 5-10 mm in diameter, green at first, then red and finally black. Seeds 2-3, without a groove on the inside.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","short_name":"Frangula alnus","name_html":"<strong>Frangula alnus<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","common_names":"<em>Rhamnus frangula<\/em> L.","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, breaking buckthorn.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa<\/em>.: Arracl\u00e1n.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre<\/em>.: Nerprun bourdaine.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Ahmera\u00ef.","flowering":"April to July.","fruiting":"August to October.","habitat":"Forests with cool and humid soils, usually along mountain rivers and streams, or on the plains, along rivers and lakes. In subhumid to humid bioclimate, on thermomediterranean to mesomediterranean floors.","distribution":"Palearctic. In North Africa it is a fairly rare species. In Morocco it grows only sporadically in the Larache-Tangier-Ketama triangle; in Algeria it is located in the NE region, in the lakes region of the El Kalaa (Lake Sebaa); and in Tunisia, in the NW region, in the alder groves of the River Zeen (near Ouchtata). There are 2 recognised subspecies: <strong>F. alnus<\/strong> subsp. <strong>alnus<\/strong>, of Euroasia and the aforementioned areas of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; and <strong>F. alnus <\/strong>subsp. <strong>baetica <\/strong>(Willk. &amp; E.Rev.) Rivas Goday ex Devesa, Ibero-North African (W of the Rif, at least in Jebel Buhaxem -Xa\u00fcen-). The former with deciduous leaves, with a length\/width ratio of (1.2)1.4-2.6, herbaceous, with 7-9 pairs of secondary veins; the latter with biennial to deciduous leaves, with a length\/width ratio of 1.6-3.5, chartaceous, with 7-11 pairs of secondary veins.","observations":"","conservation":"Common and widely distributed species in the Palearctic but very rare in North Africa. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. In the Livre Rouge de la flore vasculaire du Maroc (Fennane, 2021) it has been considered as Vulnerable (VU). In Tunisia it is included in its List of native species that are rare and threatened with extinction (Order of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, 19-July-2006).","genus":[{"short_name":"Frangula","name_html":"<strong>Frangula<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","references":"Ruiz de la Torre, J. 2006. <em>Flora Mayor<\/em>. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Organismo Aut\u00f3nomo Parques Nacionales. Direcci\u00f3n General para la Biodiversidad. Madrid.","custom_author":"M. Cueto, E. Gim\u00e9nez & J. Charco.","family":{"10860":{"name_html":"<strong>RHAMNACEAE<\/strong> Juss.","short_name":"RHAMNACEAE","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"M. Cueto & E. Gim\u00e9nez.","genuses":[{"ID":"11468","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_content":"Genus composed of about 34 species distributed mainly across the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by a single species, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/\"><strong>F. alnus<\/strong><\/a>, in the wetter mountains of the NW region.","post_title":"Frangula Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-mill-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 18:06:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 18:06:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/frangula-mill-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1399","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11468","trid":"114163","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11468"},{"ID":"11474","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_content":"Gender composed of 5 species (including 4 in eastern Asia). In North Africa it is represented by a single species, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/paliurus-spina-christi-mill\/\"><strong>P. spina-christi<\/strong><\/a>, with a Mediterranean and Asian distribution.","post_title":"Paliurus Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"paliurus-mill-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 18:23:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 18:23:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/paliurus-mill-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1405","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11474","trid":"114165","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11474"},{"ID":"11471","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_content":"Taxonomically controversial genus, composed of about 110 species, distributed mainly across temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with some representatives further S in Africa and South America. In North Africa it is represented by 7 species, distributed through the Mediterranean area. They are woody plants of varying sizes, from creeping subshrubs (<strong>Rh. pumila<\/strong>, <strong>Rh. myrtifolia<\/strong><em>, <\/em><strong>Rh. serpyllacea<\/strong>) to species that sometimes reach tree habit (<strong>Rh. cathartica<\/strong><em>, <\/em><strong>Rh. alpina<\/strong>, <strong>Rh. alaternus<\/strong>).","post_title":"Rhamnus L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rhamnus-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-28 11:36:02","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-28 11:36:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/rhamnus-l-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1402","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11471","trid":"114164","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11471"},{"ID":"11465","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_content":"Genus with 25 recognised species at present, with only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/sageretia-thea-osbeck-m-c-johnst\/\"><strong>S. thea <\/strong><\/a>in North Africa, distributed along the cliffs of the mountains of the NE region.","post_title":"Sageretia Brongn.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"sageretia-brongn-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 18:04:48","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 18:04:48","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/sageretia-brongn-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1396","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11465","trid":"114162","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11465"},{"ID":"11477","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_content":"Genus composed of some 53 species from the temperate and subtropical regions of the world. In North Africa, it is represented by 3 native species, and a fourth species of uncertain origin, possibly naturalised (<strong>Z. mauritiana<\/strong>).\r\n\r\nThere is a further species that is an alien species, cultivated here and there in the different countries of North Africa: <em>Z. jujuba<\/em> (L.) Mill. Tree, spiny or unarmed, (2)4-8(10) m in height; leaves with leaf blade (27)30-52(65) \u00d7 (11)13-24(32) mm, and petiole 2-5(7) mm; fruit drupaceous up to 25 mm long, ellipsoid to ovoid, fleshy. It is cultivated at least in Morocco, Algeria and Libya.","post_title":"Ziziphus Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ziziphus-mill-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 18:14:16","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 18:14:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/ziziphus-mill-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1408","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11477","trid":"114166","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11477"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"20720","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves alternate","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-alternate-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-alternate-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"569","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"20720","trid":"116733","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"20720"},{"ID":"20723","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves with pinnate venation, sometimes inconspicuous Stipules herbaceous, caducous","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-with-pinnate-venation-sometimes-inconspicuous-stipules-herbaceous-caducous","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:33:15","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-with-pinnate-venation-sometimes-inconspicuous-stipules-herbaceous-caducous\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"572","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"20723","trid":"116734","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"20723"},{"ID":"20726","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 08:33:16","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:33:16","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves with midrib and 2 secondary veins born at the base.  Stipules usually spiny","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-with-midrib-and-2-secondary-veins-born-at-the-base-stipules-usually-spiny","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 08:33:16","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:33:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-with-midrib-and-2-secondary-veins-born-at-the-base-stipules-usually-spiny\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"575","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"20726","trid":"116735","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"20726"},{"ID":"32463","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_content":"","post_title":"Winter buds bare. Flowers hermaphrodite. Style unbranched","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"winter-buds-bare-flowers-hermaphrodite-style-unbranched","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/winter-buds-bare-flowers-hermaphrodite-style-unbranched\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"24426","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"32463","trid":"183099","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"32463"},{"ID":"32466","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_content":"","post_title":"Fruit dry, compressed, with disc-shaped wing surrounding it","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"fruit-dry-compressed-with-disc-shaped-wing-surrounding-it","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/fruit-dry-compressed-with-disc-shaped-wing-surrounding-it\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"24430","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"32466","trid":"183101","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"32466"},{"ID":"32469","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_content":"","post_title":"Winter buds with cataphylls. Flowers usually unisexual.  Style with 2-4 branches","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"winter-buds-with-cataphylls-flowers-usually-unisexual-style-with-2-4-branches","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/winter-buds-with-cataphylls-flowers-usually-unisexual-style-with-2-4-branches\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"24434","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"32469","trid":"183103","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"32469"},{"ID":"32472","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves opposite","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-opposite","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-opposite\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"24438","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"32472","trid":"183105","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"32472"},{"ID":"32475","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:40","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:40","post_content":"","post_title":"Fruit fleshy, drupaceous, globose","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"fruit-fleshy-drupaceous-globose","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:40","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/fruit-fleshy-drupaceous-globose\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"24442","element_type":"post_family_group_key","element_id":"32475","trid":"183107","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"32475"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"42","ID":10860,"post_title":"RHAMNACEAE Juss.","post_content":"<p>Family composed of about 53 genera and 840 species of trees, shrubs and rarely herbs, distributed worldwide. In North Africa it is represented by 5 genera, all with shrubby species.<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rhamnaceae-juss","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/rhamnaceae-juss\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10860}},"species":{"12699":{"short_name":"Frangula alnus","name_html":"<strong>Frangula alnus<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","common_names":"<em>Rhamnus frangula<\/em> L.","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, breaking buckthorn.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa<\/em>.: Arracl\u00e1n.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre<\/em>.: Nerprun bourdaine.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Ahmera\u00ef.","flowering":"April to July.","fruiting":"August to October.","habitat":"Forests with cool and humid soils, usually along mountain rivers and streams, or on the plains, along rivers and lakes. In subhumid to humid bioclimate, on thermomediterranean to mesomediterranean floors.","distribution":"Palearctic. In North Africa it is a fairly rare species. In Morocco it grows only sporadically in the Larache-Tangier-Ketama triangle; in Algeria it is located in the NE region, in the lakes region of the El Kalaa (Lake Sebaa); and in Tunisia, in the NW region, in the alder groves of the River Zeen (near Ouchtata). There are 2 recognised subspecies: <strong>F. alnus<\/strong> subsp. <strong>alnus<\/strong>, of Euroasia and the aforementioned areas of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; and <strong>F. alnus <\/strong>subsp. <strong>baetica <\/strong>(Willk. &amp; E.Rev.) Rivas Goday ex Devesa, Ibero-North African (W of the Rif, at least in Jebel Buhaxem -Xa\u00fcen-). The former with deciduous leaves, with a length\/width ratio of (1.2)1.4-2.6, herbaceous, with 7-9 pairs of secondary veins; the latter with biennial to deciduous leaves, with a length\/width ratio of 1.6-3.5, chartaceous, with 7-11 pairs of secondary veins.","observations":"","conservation":"Common and widely distributed species in the Palearctic but very rare in North Africa. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. In the Livre Rouge de la flore vasculaire du Maroc (Fennane, 2021) it has been considered as Vulnerable (VU). In Tunisia it is included in its List of native species that are rare and threatened with extinction (Order of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, 19-July-2006).","genus":[{"ID":"11468","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_content":"Genus composed of about 34 species distributed mainly across the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by a single species, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/\"><strong>F. alnus<\/strong><\/a>, in the wetter mountains of the NW region.","post_title":"Frangula Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-mill-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 18:06:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 18:06:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/frangula-mill-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1399","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11468","trid":"114163","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11468"}],"images":[{"ID":"27126","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:17","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:17","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 1. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Branche with twigs of the year, leaves and inflorescences. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19016","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27126","trid":"118650","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27126"},{"ID":"27128","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Inflorescences detail. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19018","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27128","trid":"118651","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27128"},{"ID":"27130","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Inflorescences detail. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19020","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27130","trid":"118652","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27130"},{"ID":"27132","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Twigs with leaves and immature fruits (drupes). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19022","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27132","trid":"118653","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27132"},{"ID":"27134","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:19","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 5. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Twigs with leaves and immature fruits (drupes). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-5-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-5.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19024","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27134","trid":"118654","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27134"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -6.121815459515801,35.21433551077524\",\" -6.134456698917461,35.24538713780623\",\" -6.134447981788867,35.24170312350043\",\" -6.141395238299539,35.22842836837458\",\" -6.141652060394222,35.22389962626681\",\" -6.145246388010377,35.21354060001875\",\" -6.150274188203184,35.20386788329626\",\" -6.146246181416075,35.20334535560374\",\" -6.139339157875781,35.20907421870027\",\" -6.129093957020474,35.21121629769402\",\" -6.124165566087982,35.21427233969678\",\" -6.121815459515801,35.21433551077524\",\" \"]","zone_2":"[\" -6.121141242274462,35.21267904769996\",\" -6.114570899727198,35.19653479964137\",\" -6.082992600028434,35.16931799962606\",\" -6.028937317802901,35.14797030118848\",\" -5.712904996368422,35.02304966840751\",\" -5.658210425670575,35.00416549274337\",\" -5.532511420665458,34.97344086640294\",\" -5.340450487699798,34.92886145639113\",\" -4.785030688515406,34.81314606284059\",\" -4.686352300018598,34.79220647854618\",\" -4.604104069347272,34.79076056924492\",\" -4.564639345729177,34.7961620701235\",\" -4.517017109252151,34.80267961077544\",\" -4.465646825840281,34.80970952847201\",\" -4.438430708410408,34.83174734686264\",\" -4.421900393987926,34.85597345680964\",\" -4.414610815037065,34.89521143076297\",\" -4.414994931670719,34.90749747392931\",\" -4.416005248043689,34.93980384856883\",\" -4.430679588392252,34.9745826582631\",\" -4.446573793445737,34.99569963832772\",\" -4.478645668063109,35.03829361865564\",\" -4.504359860119394,35.0724280677012\",\" -4.550262969660253,35.10449503561745\",\" -4.592925532287438,35.12280810760814\",\" -4.660212482220231,35.15168292652589\",\" -4.730803088991308,35.18196443261252\",\" -4.828723149353834,35.22468220462008\",\" -4.913940757959551,35.26308085569701\",\" -4.983804991307238,35.30088339115565\",\" -5.035224250898409,35.33527339515109\",\" -5.076285002250984,35.36272496228725\",\" -5.141813577034895,35.41078055597791\",\" -5.165824421659693,35.43208652047662\",\" -5.204239008723221,35.46616188856035\",\" -5.256978618768187,35.51538220592414\",\" -5.352483306059696,35.61680667518795\",\" -5.399468020332847,35.66427857829382\",\" -5.445964254346791,35.68477279672726\",\" -5.484956445383602,35.69695501226408\",\" -5.532836159561043,35.6977063077\",\" -5.579855785516031,35.69246680799682\",\" -5.646526145864868,35.68503699326266\",\" -5.710161380643172,35.67794477053479\",\" -5.756014808036923,35.66406625735192\",\" -5.780655629553621,35.65429593630847\",\" -5.831492238176224,35.63413495896123\",\" -5.861368274126505,35.61854991654548\",\" -5.927002199991478,35.57640887706805\",\" -5.970262283877275,35.53347595125422\",\" -6.003605458125321,35.49145702891877\",\" -6.042480499875125,35.42710600034167\",\" -6.078596018691258,35.3457027735642\",\" -6.11818287563915,35.28518227773998\",\" -6.120666959612436,35.28025769903366\",\" -6.123449248883674,35.27200320058728\",\" -6.127473233003229,35.26006401784019\",\" -6.130489544756642,35.25597817565233\",\" -6.130916183135297,35.25066438385426\",\" -6.134456698917461,35.24538713780623\",\" -6.121815459515801,35.21433551077524\",\" -6.119662807192754,35.21439337495434\",\" -6.119664651702294,35.21301270787023\",\" -6.121141242274462,35.21267904769996\",\" \"]","zone_3":"[\" 8.123139047329232,36.90539905662121\",\" 8.118376200001706,36.896644900242\",\" 8.115253377041768,36.86778078955183\",\" 8.10987273773668,36.81802218567538\",\" 8.113242113432818,36.76610313864899\",\" 8.141021601265948,36.70364365233274\",\" 8.17021279358562,36.66165434826962\",\" 8.20964616773648,36.63622010887099\",\" 8.262363662553014,36.62272248195706\",\" 8.323826097496465,36.61726486608075\",\" 8.399176760998785,36.61390855843325\",\" 8.473888536227037,36.61387699492741\",\" 8.545219285941357,36.6233969240289\",\" 8.611605034244974,36.63414985423242\",\" 8.688820663243064,36.65573995953156\",\" 8.812005836500191,36.69690547200997\",\" 8.873040011587307,36.71729345892607\",\" 8.914805070597595,36.75261255522531\",\" 8.934992167854318,36.77304293168601\",\" 8.955880003359539,36.8093263854044\",\" 8.968976771860582,36.83657612039167\",\" 8.977335059265613,36.87492293994177\",\" 8.979615351467373,36.90147450514434\",\" 8.976033594574801,36.92960024905233\",\" 8.971814290297289,36.94002767683588\",\" 8.949063403053629,36.95958322338709\",\" 8.933872695368621,36.96022500208221\",\" 8.914266830849613,36.96105330376702\",\" 8.860474481612073,36.95879167789366\",\" 8.827884683831144,36.95507456853659\",\" 8.803442170020162,36.95228659824795\",\" 8.768720600375445,36.94832600014485\",\" 8.753789071908216,36.95033672146258\",\" 8.73849479379976,36.95239623639725\",\" 8.714601602981645,36.95307596018745\",\" 8.677309600058038,36.94605039970622\",\" 8.628429396399554,36.93067895886691\",\" 8.579776965834356,36.91630708300551\",\" 8.536910877634966,36.90572234041372\",\" 8.51425308910882,36.90012695469528\",\" 8.487149457981161,36.89538973354939\",\" 8.449688994051883,36.89177397059234\",\" 8.435736542207678,36.89042720615072\",\" 8.420502399965812,36.88895670039148\",\" 8.368479712368867,36.90381518052624\",\" 8.338127883794869,36.91153470016633\",\" 8.320168568224915,36.91762474628507\",\" 8.320051366777193,36.916741651606\",\" 8.313975995795602,36.91545486205229\",\" 8.312820969512188,36.91811175795129\",\" 8.311093627269145,36.91868122395937\",\" 8.307002755173073,36.91870787896551\",\" 8.306102706474746,36.91884500669175\",\" 8.304559431172834,36.91875833722753\",\" 8.303621328561519,36.91849749246535\",\" 8.299501622401976,36.91578175662284\",\" 8.291994287006787,36.91494406871385\",\" 8.28231603945369,36.91498094901164\",\" 8.276060792371709,36.91705915815368\",\" 8.274280476462877,36.91636765144602\",\" 8.27148511104906,36.91689436997922\",\" 8.265827326769738,36.91936954616767\",\" 8.266745145172365,36.92368907628992\",\" 8.264314058247237,36.92839266458987\",\" 8.260585787404239,36.93164249610436\",\" 8.258337090184625,36.93115232242178\",\" 8.251505169028349,36.93343823538629\",\" 8.241503211404108,36.93444473413723\",\" 8.240352543235304,36.93622287098873\",\" 8.242750941602708,36.94422373273915\",\" 8.240697207510152,36.94892883100079\",\" 8.233928485311424,36.95111751286299\",\" 8.231375524960583,36.94945320230352\",\" 8.226940660383207,36.95193072572249\",\" 8.220819523802049,36.9489756011431\",\" 8.221981926324872,36.94663319456635\",\" 8.213713010846846,36.94606322583724\",\" 8.208602229309463,36.94367538910797\",\" 8.206343306798203,36.93749071812221\",\" 8.202696843684464,36.93827056973106\",\" 8.199692266285126,36.94073937602144\",\" 8.195926780596494,36.93889636297683\",\" 8.196203383279567,36.93674389051819\",\" 8.193337610842093,36.93366404346091\",\" 8.183958595612751,36.92932406185605\",\" 8.165005269277799,36.92252885282437\",\" 8.151135230406624,36.91563054641262\",\" 8.146335082797862,36.91406246061411\",\" 8.14440925658198,36.91406246061411\",\" 8.14347534481135,36.91375937019882\",\" 8.139604079065066,36.91083458964465\",\" 8.136223322448416,36.90995951871685\",\" 8.13409163691955,36.91060861339685\",\" 8.132654642597743,36.90860215306697\",\" 8.1296143594152,36.90810728582261\",\" 8.125239341122722,36.90516004110305\",\" 8.123139047329232,36.90539905662121\",\" \"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":12699,"post_title":"Frangula alnus Mill.","post_content":"Shrub or small tree, deciduous, dioecious, unarmed, up to 5(8) m in height. Trunk well defined, with brown-blackish bark. Branches and branchlets alternate, glabrous, reddish-brown, smooth and shiny. Leaves (2-8 \u00d7 1-4 cm) alternate, oval-oblong, ending in an acute tip, attenuated or rounded at the base, with subentire or dentate margin, with obtuse teeth; veins highly conspicuous (7-11 pairs), lateral, almost straight and parallel. Young leaves slightly pubescent then glabrous, green on both sides. Petiole well developed, with promptly caducous herbaceous stipules. Inflorescence in axillary cymes with about 4-5 flowers. Calyx shortly campanulate, green, with 5 longly triangular sepals; petals 5, whitish, oval, each wrapping around a stamen, included in the calyx. Fruit a globose drupe, 5-10 mm in diameter, green at first, then red and finally black. Seeds 2-3, without a groove on the inside.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:12","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:12","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-mill","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:32","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":12699}},"groups_keys":[],"title_groups_keys":[],"groups_keys_2":[],"title_groups_keys_2":[],"groups_keys_3":[],"title_groups_keys_3":[],"images":false,"ID":11468,"post_title":"Frangula Mill.","post_content":"Genus composed of about 34 species distributed mainly across the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by a single species, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/\"><strong>F. alnus<\/strong><\/a>, in the wetter mountains of the NW region.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:41","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-mill-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 18:06:26","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 18:06:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/frangula-mill-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11468}],"images":[{"ID":"27126","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:17","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:17","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 1. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Branche with twigs of the year, leaves and inflorescences. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19016","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27126","trid":"118650","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27126"},{"ID":"27128","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Inflorescences detail. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19018","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27128","trid":"118651","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27128"},{"ID":"27130","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Inflorescences detail. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19020","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27130","trid":"118652","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27130"},{"ID":"27132","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Twigs with leaves and immature fruits (drupes). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19022","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27132","trid":"118653","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27132"},{"ID":"27134","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:25:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:25:19","post_content":"","post_title":"Frangula alnus. 5. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Frangula alnus. Twigs with leaves and immature fruits (drupes). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"frangula-alnus-5-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_modified_gmt":"2026-07-24 11:16:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12699","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Frangula-alnus.-5.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19024","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27134","trid":"118654","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27134"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -6.121815459515801,35.21433551077524\",\" -6.134456698917461,35.24538713780623\",\" -6.134447981788867,35.24170312350043\",\" -6.141395238299539,35.22842836837458\",\" -6.141652060394222,35.22389962626681\",\" -6.145246388010377,35.21354060001875\",\" -6.150274188203184,35.20386788329626\",\" -6.146246181416075,35.20334535560374\",\" -6.139339157875781,35.20907421870027\",\" -6.129093957020474,35.21121629769402\",\" -6.124165566087982,35.21427233969678\",\" -6.121815459515801,35.21433551077524\",\" \"]","zone_2":"[\" -6.121141242274462,35.21267904769996\",\" -6.114570899727198,35.19653479964137\",\" -6.082992600028434,35.16931799962606\",\" -6.028937317802901,35.14797030118848\",\" -5.712904996368422,35.02304966840751\",\" -5.658210425670575,35.00416549274337\",\" -5.532511420665458,34.97344086640294\",\" -5.340450487699798,34.92886145639113\",\" -4.785030688515406,34.81314606284059\",\" -4.686352300018598,34.79220647854618\",\" -4.604104069347272,34.79076056924492\",\" -4.564639345729177,34.7961620701235\",\" -4.517017109252151,34.80267961077544\",\" -4.465646825840281,34.80970952847201\",\" -4.438430708410408,34.83174734686264\",\" -4.421900393987926,34.85597345680964\",\" -4.414610815037065,34.89521143076297\",\" -4.414994931670719,34.90749747392931\",\" -4.416005248043689,34.93980384856883\",\" -4.430679588392252,34.9745826582631\",\" -4.446573793445737,34.99569963832772\",\" -4.478645668063109,35.03829361865564\",\" -4.504359860119394,35.0724280677012\",\" -4.550262969660253,35.10449503561745\",\" -4.592925532287438,35.12280810760814\",\" -4.660212482220231,35.15168292652589\",\" -4.730803088991308,35.18196443261252\",\" -4.828723149353834,35.22468220462008\",\" -4.913940757959551,35.26308085569701\",\" -4.983804991307238,35.30088339115565\",\" -5.035224250898409,35.33527339515109\",\" -5.076285002250984,35.36272496228725\",\" -5.141813577034895,35.41078055597791\",\" -5.165824421659693,35.43208652047662\",\" -5.204239008723221,35.46616188856035\",\" -5.256978618768187,35.51538220592414\",\" -5.352483306059696,35.61680667518795\",\" -5.399468020332847,35.66427857829382\",\" -5.445964254346791,35.68477279672726\",\" -5.484956445383602,35.69695501226408\",\" -5.532836159561043,35.6977063077\",\" -5.579855785516031,35.69246680799682\",\" -5.646526145864868,35.68503699326266\",\" -5.710161380643172,35.67794477053479\",\" -5.756014808036923,35.66406625735192\",\" -5.780655629553621,35.65429593630847\",\" -5.831492238176224,35.63413495896123\",\" -5.861368274126505,35.61854991654548\",\" -5.927002199991478,35.57640887706805\",\" -5.970262283877275,35.53347595125422\",\" -6.003605458125321,35.49145702891877\",\" -6.042480499875125,35.42710600034167\",\" -6.078596018691258,35.3457027735642\",\" -6.11818287563915,35.28518227773998\",\" -6.120666959612436,35.28025769903366\",\" -6.123449248883674,35.27200320058728\",\" -6.127473233003229,35.26006401784019\",\" -6.130489544756642,35.25597817565233\",\" -6.130916183135297,35.25066438385426\",\" -6.134456698917461,35.24538713780623\",\" -6.121815459515801,35.21433551077524\",\" -6.119662807192754,35.21439337495434\",\" -6.119664651702294,35.21301270787023\",\" -6.121141242274462,35.21267904769996\",\" \"]","zone_3":"[\" 8.123139047329232,36.90539905662121\",\" 8.118376200001706,36.896644900242\",\" 8.115253377041768,36.86778078955183\",\" 8.10987273773668,36.81802218567538\",\" 8.113242113432818,36.76610313864899\",\" 8.141021601265948,36.70364365233274\",\" 8.17021279358562,36.66165434826962\",\" 8.20964616773648,36.63622010887099\",\" 8.262363662553014,36.62272248195706\",\" 8.323826097496465,36.61726486608075\",\" 8.399176760998785,36.61390855843325\",\" 8.473888536227037,36.61387699492741\",\" 8.545219285941357,36.6233969240289\",\" 8.611605034244974,36.63414985423242\",\" 8.688820663243064,36.65573995953156\",\" 8.812005836500191,36.69690547200997\",\" 8.873040011587307,36.71729345892607\",\" 8.914805070597595,36.75261255522531\",\" 8.934992167854318,36.77304293168601\",\" 8.955880003359539,36.8093263854044\",\" 8.968976771860582,36.83657612039167\",\" 8.977335059265613,36.87492293994177\",\" 8.979615351467373,36.90147450514434\",\" 8.976033594574801,36.92960024905233\",\" 8.971814290297289,36.94002767683588\",\" 8.949063403053629,36.95958322338709\",\" 8.933872695368621,36.96022500208221\",\" 8.914266830849613,36.96105330376702\",\" 8.860474481612073,36.95879167789366\",\" 8.827884683831144,36.95507456853659\",\" 8.803442170020162,36.95228659824795\",\" 8.768720600375445,36.94832600014485\",\" 8.753789071908216,36.95033672146258\",\" 8.73849479379976,36.95239623639725\",\" 8.714601602981645,36.95307596018745\",\" 8.677309600058038,36.94605039970622\",\" 8.628429396399554,36.93067895886691\",\" 8.579776965834356,36.91630708300551\",\" 8.536910877634966,36.90572234041372\",\" 8.51425308910882,36.90012695469528\",\" 8.487149457981161,36.89538973354939\",\" 8.449688994051883,36.89177397059234\",\" 8.435736542207678,36.89042720615072\",\" 8.420502399965812,36.88895670039148\",\" 8.368479712368867,36.90381518052624\",\" 8.338127883794869,36.91153470016633\",\" 8.320168568224915,36.91762474628507\",\" 8.320051366777193,36.916741651606\",\" 8.313975995795602,36.91545486205229\",\" 8.312820969512188,36.91811175795129\",\" 8.311093627269145,36.91868122395937\",\" 8.307002755173073,36.91870787896551\",\" 8.306102706474746,36.91884500669175\",\" 8.304559431172834,36.91875833722753\",\" 8.303621328561519,36.91849749246535\",\" 8.299501622401976,36.91578175662284\",\" 8.291994287006787,36.91494406871385\",\" 8.28231603945369,36.91498094901164\",\" 8.276060792371709,36.91705915815368\",\" 8.274280476462877,36.91636765144602\",\" 8.27148511104906,36.91689436997922\",\" 8.265827326769738,36.91936954616767\",\" 8.266745145172365,36.92368907628992\",\" 8.264314058247237,36.92839266458987\",\" 8.260585787404239,36.93164249610436\",\" 8.258337090184625,36.93115232242178\",\" 8.251505169028349,36.93343823538629\",\" 8.241503211404108,36.93444473413723\",\" 8.240352543235304,36.93622287098873\",\" 8.242750941602708,36.94422373273915\",\" 8.240697207510152,36.94892883100079\",\" 8.233928485311424,36.95111751286299\",\" 8.231375524960583,36.94945320230352\",\" 8.226940660383207,36.95193072572249\",\" 8.220819523802049,36.9489756011431\",\" 8.221981926324872,36.94663319456635\",\" 8.213713010846846,36.94606322583724\",\" 8.208602229309463,36.94367538910797\",\" 8.206343306798203,36.93749071812221\",\" 8.202696843684464,36.93827056973106\",\" 8.199692266285126,36.94073937602144\",\" 8.195926780596494,36.93889636297683\",\" 8.196203383279567,36.93674389051819\",\" 8.193337610842093,36.93366404346091\",\" 8.183958595612751,36.92932406185605\",\" 8.165005269277799,36.92252885282437\",\" 8.151135230406624,36.91563054641262\",\" 8.146335082797862,36.91406246061411\",\" 8.14440925658198,36.91406246061411\",\" 8.14347534481135,36.91375937019882\",\" 8.139604079065066,36.91083458964465\",\" 8.136223322448416,36.90995951871685\",\" 8.13409163691955,36.91060861339685\",\" 8.132654642597743,36.90860215306697\",\" 8.1296143594152,36.90810728582261\",\" 8.125239341122722,36.90516004110305\",\" 8.123139047329232,36.90539905662121\",\" \"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.6.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Frangula alnus Mill. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Frangula alnus Mill. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shrub or small tree, deciduous, dioecious, unarmed, up to 5(8) m in height. Trunk well defined, with brown-blackish bark. Branches and branchlets alternate, glabrous, reddish-brown, smooth and shiny. Leaves (2-8 \u00d7 1-4 cm) alternate, oval-oblong, ending in an acute tip, attenuated or rounded at the base, with subentire or dentate margin, with obtuse teeth; veins...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-24T11:16:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/\",\"name\":\"Frangula alnus Mill. - North Africa Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-10T10:08:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-24T11:16:32+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/frangula-alnus-mill\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/species\/12699"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/species"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/species"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}