{"id":12141,"date":"2020-11-10T10:07:30","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/euphorbia-officinarum-l\/"},"modified":"2023-05-28T08:30:37","modified_gmt":"2023-05-28T08:30:37","slug":"euphorbia-officinarum-l","status":"publish","type":"species","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/euphorbia-officinarum-l\/","title":{"rendered":"Euphorbia officinarum L."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Monoecious shrub, fleshy, cactiform, up to 1.5 m in height or even taller in favourable soil and climate conditions. Overall shape generally hemispherical, with erect stems, usually less than 1.5 m in diameter. Stems ramose, usually shorter than the branches, star-shaped in cross section, with 5-10 angles. Stipular spines strong, rigid, 2-20 mm; arranged in pairs at the angles, born in an oblong-linear decurrent bud which forms a continuous line along the angle. Leaves reduced to tiny tubercles located on the spines. Inflorescences \u00b1 pedunculate, with 1-5 cyathia, positioned on the upper half of the branches. Lateral cyathia hermaphrodite; central cyathium usually male, that generally matures and falls off before the lateral cyathia. The cyathium as a whole is yellow to red-purple depending on the subspecies. Fruit a capsule (2.5-5 \u00d7 2.2-4 mm), subglobose, with pedicel green to red-purplish. Cocci clearly marked, glabrous, smooth or finely punctate, green or red-purple, but always with a deep purple keel. Each coccus contains a seed, variable in size depending on the subspecies, with a wrinkled, whitish, yellowish or greyish surface; without caruncula.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","short_name":"Euphorbia officinarum","name_html":"<strong>Euphorbia officinarum<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","common_names":"","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Spurge.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa.<\/em>: Card\u00f3n monillo.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre.<\/em>: Euphorbe oursin.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Darhmus.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Tam.<\/em>: Tikiut.","flowering":"June to November.","fruiting":"August to December.","habitat":"Very diverse terrains at low and medium altitude, from sea level to 1,900 m, in Saharan to semiarid bioclimates, but with a relatively high atmospheric humidity due to influence from the ocean.","distribution":"Endemic to NW Africa, from SW Morocco (coastal regions of the High Atlas, Sus, western Anti-Atlas) to Mauritania.","observations":"There are 2 subspecies which traditionally have been separated at a specific level. On one hand, <strong>E. officinarum<\/strong> subsp. <strong>officinarum<\/strong> [<em>E. officinarum<\/em> subsp. <em>beaumierana <\/em>(Hook.f. &amp; Coss.) Vindt, <em>E. beaumierana<\/em> Hook.f. &amp; Coss.] a sparse subshrub with spaced branches, with 7-10(13) sides, short spines (2-15 mm), cyathia and capsules sessile or subsessile, greenish; endemic to SW Morocco. On the other hand, <strong>E. officinarum <\/strong>subsp. <strong>echinus<\/strong> (Hook.f. &amp; Coss.) Vindt (<em>E. echinus<\/em> Hook.f. &amp; Coss.) which is a very dense subshrub, with tightly arranged branches of only 5-8 sides, longer spines (5-20 mm), cyathia and capsules short but distinctly pedunculate, slightly smaller, usually fully red-purple; with a much wider distribution, growing in semidesert areas: its northern boundary is the Sus River reaching Mauritania towards the S.","conservation":"A common and locally abundant species. It is not considered threatened. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. In the Livre Rouge de la flore vasculaire du Maroc (Fennane, 2021) the subspecies <em>officinarum<\/em> has been considered as Vulnerable (VU) and the subspecies <em>echinus<\/em> as Near Threatened (NT). Cactiform euphorbias are included in Annex II of CITES.","genus":false,"images":[{"ID":"30149","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-01 08:50:26","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-01 08:50:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Euphorbia officinarum echinus. 7. Joaquin Molero","post_excerpt":"Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus. General aspect in semi-desert environment. 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Overall shape generally hemispherical, with erect stems, usually less than 1.5 m in diameter. Stems ramose, usually shorter than the branches, star-shaped in cross section, with 5-10 angles. 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