{"id":11829,"date":"2020-11-10T10:07:07","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:07:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/cedrus-atlantica-endl-manetti-ex-carriere\/"},"modified":"2021-10-11T19:45:33","modified_gmt":"2021-10-11T19:45:33","slug":"cedrus-atlantica-endl-manetti-ex-carriere","status":"publish","type":"species","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/cedrus-atlantica-endl-manetti-ex-carriere\/","title":{"rendered":"Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carri\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Large evergreen tree, monoecious, up 50 m in height, of irregular shape, with the branches forming layers culminating in a generally flat top. Juvenile trees are conical-pyramidal. Trunk straight, somewhat tortuous in extreme conditions, up to 2 m in diameter. Some ancient trees that were cut down in the central Rif had trunks up to 4-5 m in diameter. Bark very fissured, blackish, but greyish in the branches and young stems. Branches rise semiperpendicularly to the trunk, \u00b1 horizontally, extended, forming an open crown, intermediate between pines and spruces. Branchlets usually straight. Leaves needle-like, semirigid, sharp, tetragonal, isolated and long in the macroblasts (25-40 mm), shorter and grouped in rosettes to form the brachyblasts (8-19 mm). Colour intensely green with white-bluish tones. Male cones born solitary, cylindrical, upright in the centre of the rosette of leaves (3-6 cm). Female cones on the same tree, also in solitary in the centre of the brachyblasts, ovoid-cylindrical, green-purple. Woody strobili (5-13 \u00d7 3-9 cm) barrel-shaped, umbilicate at the apex, with very thin and oppressed scales. 2 seeds per scale, with a large triangular wing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","short_name":"C. atlantica","name_html":"<strong>Cedrus atlantica<\/strong> (Endl.) Manetti ex Carri\u00e8re","short_description":"Large evergreen tree, monoecious, up 50 m in height, of irregular shape, with the branches forming layers culminating in a generally flat top","common_names":"<em>Pinus atlantica <\/em>Endl., <em>C. libani <\/em>A. Rich. subsp.<em> atlantica <\/em>(Endl.) Batt. &amp; Trab.","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Atlas cedar.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa<\/em>.: Cedro del Atlas.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre<\/em>.: Cedre de l'Atlas.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Meddad, beguium.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Tam<\/em>.: Inguel, iguengen, idgel, ijdel, idil, adiil, iblez, adgal, edgeich, obhal, abaual, arz, arzaq, erz, lerz, larisq.","flowering":"In autumn.","fruiting":"In autumn of the following year, dehiscing throughout the following winter.","habitat":"On all types of soils in plateaux and mountains with an altitudinal range of (900) 1,000-2,600 (2,800) m, where rainfall is generally greater than 500 mm per year. In subhumid to hyperhumid bioclimate, in superior mesomediterranean to oromediterranean floors. Endures drought and frost well. Forms large pure stands or mixed forests with <em>Abies marocana, A. numidica, Pinus pinaster, Juniperus thurifera, Quercus rotundifolia, Q. faginea, Q. canariensis, Q. pyrenaica o Q. afares.<\/em>","distribution":"Endemic to North Africa, in Morocco along the central-western Rif, Middle Atlas (including the Jebel Tazekka) and eastern High Atlas. In Algeria, in the mountain ranges of Cabilia (Djurdjura, Tikjda, Babor y Tababor), Ouanougha, Blida Atlas (Chrea), Tazekka (Theniet El Had, Bucaid, etc.), in Aures (Belezma y Chelia) and Mount Hodna.","observations":"Long considered a subspecies of <em>C. libani<\/em>, it differs mainly by its smaller size, smaller leaves and smaller pine cones. In the Middle East cedar, the leaves and branches are noticeably pendulous, something that rarely happens in <em>C. atlantica<\/em>. The Lebanese Cedar is currently considered as an intermediate species between the Himalayan cedar <em>C. deodara<\/em> (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don and the Atlas cedar, both geographically and taxonomically.In the high mountains, the cedar is the best solution to avoid disasters by flash-floods and erosion, as it forms a soft forest soil capable of retaining and gradually yielding the large amounts of water produced during storms and thaw. Where the forest has disappeared or is scarce, disasters are obvious: roads and power lines being cut, regular destruction of bridges and farmland, etc. Rather than costly investments, the best option for forest regeneration would be to simply prohibit the passage of livestock. In fact, in small plots where natural regeneration had virtually disappeared for centuries, spectacular results have been achieved through fencing, with a crowd of young cedars now covering the soil.","conservation":"Locally common species but with a restricted distribution. In the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em> it is listed at a global level as Endangered (EN) (Thomas, 2013). In Algeria it is included in the List of protected non cultivated flora (Executive Decree 12-03 on 4-Jan-2012).","genus":false,"images":[{"ID":"26462","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:09","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 1. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Forest with individuals of different ages in the central Rif (Morocco). Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18352","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26462","trid":"118318","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26462"},{"ID":"26464","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:10","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:10","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 2. Abdelmonaim H. Bakali. Teline","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Twigs with leaves and male cone. A. Homrani Bakali. Teline","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-2-abdelmonaim-h-bakali-teline-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-2.-Abdelmonaim-H.-Bakali.-Teline.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18354","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26464","trid":"118319","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26464"},{"ID":"26466","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:10","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:10","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Female cones at the beginning of their development, with the scales open to be fertilized. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18356","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26466","trid":"118320","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26466"},{"ID":"26468","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:10","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:10","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Twigs with leaves and female cone mature (strobilus). Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18358","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26468","trid":"118321","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26468"},{"ID":"26470","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:12","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:12","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 5. Khellaf Rebbas","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Leaves and female mature cones (strobili). Khellaf Rebbas","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-5-khellaf-rebbas-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-5.-Khellaf-Rebbas.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18360","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26470","trid":"118322","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26470"},{"ID":"26472","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:13","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:13","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 6. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Branches with leaves and strobili after dehiscence and release of seeds. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-6-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-6.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18362","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26472","trid":"118323","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26472"},{"ID":"26474","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:13","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:13","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 7. Khellaf Rebbas","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Forest fires are currently the main threat to the cedars of North Africa. Djurdjura forests (Algeria). Khellaf Rebbas","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-7-khellaf-rebbas-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-7.-Khellaf-Rebbas.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18364","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26474","trid":"118324","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26474"},{"ID":"26476","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:14","post_content":"","post_title":"Cedrus atlantica. 8. Abdelmonaim H. Bakali. Teline","post_excerpt":"Cedrus atlantica. Mixed forest with Quercus rotundifolia on the way to disappearing due to overgrazing and climatic desiccation. Eastern High Atlas (Morocco). A. Homrani Bakali. Teline.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"cedrus-atlantica-8-abdelmonaim-h-bakali-teline-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:45:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11829","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cedrus-atlantica.-8.-Abdelmonaim-H.-Bakali.-Teline.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18366","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26476","trid":"118325","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26476"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"","zone_2":"[\" 3.875037100000043,36.48094230000004\",\" 3.873319800000047,36.47749120000003\",\" 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Manetti ex Carri\u00e8re - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carri\u00e8re - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Large evergreen tree, monoecious, up 50 m in height, of irregular shape, with the branches forming layers culminating in a generally flat top. Juvenile trees are conical-pyramidal. Trunk straight, somewhat tortuous in extreme conditions, up to 2 m in diameter. Some ancient trees that were cut down in the central Rif had trunks up to...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/cedrus-atlantica-endl-manetti-ex-carriere\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-11T19:45:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/cedrus-atlantica-endl-manetti-ex-carriere\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/cedrus-atlantica-endl-manetti-ex-carriere\/\",\"name\":\"Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) 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