{"id":11803,"date":"2020-11-10T09:02:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:02:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l-3\/"},"modified":"2020-11-10T09:02:09","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:02:09","slug":"pinus-l-3","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/pinus-l-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Pinus L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Genus comprised of 130 species distributed mainly in the Norhern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 3 native species, with an abundant and very disjunct distribution: P. pinaster<\/strong> and P. nigra<\/strong> are relatively scarce, being restricted to mild to cold wetlands. P. halepensis<\/strong>, however, being a drought tolerant species, forms extensive forests scattered throughout the Mediterranean area of the region, often marking the southernmost forest edge of the Mediterranean, before the Sahara. <\/p>\n

Anthracological analyses in the ancient Phoenician and Roman city of Lixus (NW Atlantic Morocco) are revealing the presence here of a fourth species of pine: P. pinea<\/em>, about 2,600 years ago. On calcareous soils, dominated the forests of Quercus ilex<\/em>, with Q, coccifera<\/em> and Olea europaea<\/em>, on acids soils dominated the forests of Q. suber<\/em> with Erica<\/em> sp. and, in both types of forest, pine trees appeared, although always scarce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"Genus comprised of 130 species. 3 in NA","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":[{"name_html":"PINACEAE<\/strong> Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","short_name":"PINACEAE","short_description":"Family comprising 11 genera and about 250 species of trees","references":"Farjon, A. 1990. Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera<\/em>. Koeltz Scientific Books. 330 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","genuses":{"11803":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"Genus comprised of 130 species. 3 in NA","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10749","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content":"

Family comprising 11 genera and about 250 species of trees (rarely shrubs) mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Species with great forestry value for their resistance to extreme weather conditions, enduring freezing temperatures frequently. Its forests usually mark the end of the forest cover (altitudinally and latitudinally). Some species, such as in the genera Abies<\/strong> and Cedrus<\/strong>, are very important in preventing erosion and landslides in high mountains where they occur.
<\/p>","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"62","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10749","trid":"113931","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10749"},"species":[{"ID":"11838","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, medium size up to 20 m in height on very favourable terrain. In mature specimens the shape is very irregular, but usually with rounded appearance. Young trees have a conical shape. Depending on the habitat, the trunk is tortuous or stylised, and can reach up to 1.5 m in diameter. Frequent pine in the Mediterranean coast. In areas most affected by storms and with rocky soils it often takes a stockier, bushy form, with older specimens reaching up to 10 m in diameter and only 2 m high. Bark ashy, white or silvery, characteristically smooth at first, turning from brown to red-brown and fissured with age. Branches and branchlets thinner than in other pines. Leaves born in pairs at the end of the branchlets, on a sort of pedicel that surrounds the base. Leaves light green, flexible and very thin (6-15 \u00d7 0.05-0.1 cm). Male cones oblong (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm) yellowish, grouped in large numbers in cylindrical spikes, 5-8 cm near the apex of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid (5-12 mm), first green-pink, then purple, longly pedunculate. Strobili characterised by a thick woody peduncle 1-2 cm, ovoid-conical (6-12 \u00d7 3.5-4.5 cm), elongated, with a rhomboid almost flat apophysis and a small blunt central appendage. Seeds small (5-7 mm) with wings 3-5 times higher.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3952","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11838","trid":"114282","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11838"},{"ID":"11835","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen green, monoecious, medium sized tree that can reach up to 20 m in height, very irregular shape in adult specimens, pyramidal in younger ones. Trunk up to 1 m in diameter, straight, greyish-silvery bark, which turns dark grey and very fissured in older specimens. Branches usually whorled, arched upwards in the lower parts of the tree, irregular towards the top. Branchlets orange. Leaves acicular, rigid, narrow (10-14 \u00d7 0.16-0.19 cm), grouped in pairs and surrounded by a thin membranous sheath at the base. Male cones subcylindrical (1.5-2 \u00d7 0.5-0.7 cm), subsessile, yellowish, growing in groups toward the end of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid, very short (8-15 mm), solitary or whorled, red. Strobili subsessile, ovoid-conical (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). Scales with depressed apophysis, with a small \u00b1 salient appendix in the centre. Seeds very small (5-7 mm), with a relatively large wing (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3949","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11835","trid":"114281","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11835"},{"ID":"11832","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, 20-30 m in height (up to 40 m), irregular shape in older trees, with the crown at the top half of the tree. Young trees pyramidal. Trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter, straight, with thick bark reddish-brown, blackish in the outer layers, highly fissured in ancient specimens. Branchlets light brown, chestnut colour, sometimes reddish-brown. Branches in whorls almost perpendicularly to the trunk, lowest branches somehow sloping, upper branches generally bending upwards. Leaves acicular, semirigid, thick and long (10-27 cm \u00d7 0.2-0.25), dark green. Born in fascicles of 2, basally wrapped by a membranous sheath. Male cones are born grouped at the end of the branchlet, longly ovoid (1-3 \u00d7 0.4-0.6 cm), orange. Female cones in whorls of 2 to 3, ovate (2-2.5 cm), reddish. Strobili sessile or subsessile, ovate-conical in shape and often curved (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). Scales with robust apophysis, very prominent, pyramidal. Each with two seeds (7-9 mm) which are small compared to its wing that is usually 4 times larger.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3946","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11832","trid":"114280","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11832"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"22936","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili sessile or subsessile, quickly caducous. Branchlets yellowish or chestnut colour. Leaves large (10-20 cm), dark green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1739","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22936","trid":"116862","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22936"},{"ID":"35417","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Buds resinous with appressed scales. 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Strobili larger (8-20 cm) with very sharp protruding scales","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28369","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35420","trid":"185072","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35420"},{"ID":"42876","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili clearly pedunculate, persistent for many years, branchlets ash-grey. Leaves smaller (5-12 cm), light green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-clearly-pedunculate-persistent-for-many-years-branchlets-ash-grey-leaves-smaller-5-12-cm-light-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42876","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34628","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42876","trid":"653657","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42876"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11803,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"

Genus comprised of 130 species distributed mainly in the Norhern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 3 native species, with an abundant and very disjunct distribution: P. pinaster<\/strong> and P. nigra<\/strong> are relatively scarce, being restricted to mild to cold wetlands. P. halepensis<\/strong>, however, being a drought tolerant species, forms extensive forests scattered throughout the Mediterranean area of the region, often marking the southernmost forest edge of the Mediterranean, before the Sahara. <\/p>\n

Anthracological analyses in the ancient Phoenician and Roman city of Lixus (NW Atlantic Morocco) are revealing the presence here of a fourth species of pine: P. pinea<\/em>, about 2,600 years ago. On calcareous soils, dominated the forests of Quercus ilex<\/em>, with Q, coccifera<\/em> and Olea europaea<\/em>, on acids soils dominated the forests of Q. suber<\/em> with Erica<\/em> sp. and, in both types of forest, pine trees appeared, although always scarce.<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11803}},"groups_keys":{"20450":{"ID":20450,"post_title":"Leaves grouped in bundles of 2 or more, linear, generally flexible, forming brachyblasts. Miguel Jes\u00fas","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 08:32:20","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:32:20","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-grouped-in-bundles-of-2-or-more-linear-generally-flexible-forming-brachyblasts-miguel-jesus","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 08:35:19","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 08:35:19","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-grouped-in-bundles-of-2-or-more-linear-generally-flexible-forming-brachyblasts-miguel-jesus\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":20450},"32424":{"ID":32424,"post_title":"Leaves solitary, linear, rigid","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:30","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:30","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-solitary-linear-rigid","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:30","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:30","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/leaves-solitary-linear-rigid\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":32424},"32427":{"ID":32427,"post_title":"Strobili obovate, with thin scales, papyraceous. Leaves grouped forming rosettes of up to 30","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-obovate-with-thin-scales-papyraceous-leaves-grouped-forming-rosettes-of-up-to-30","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/strobili-obovate-with-thin-scales-papyraceous-leaves-grouped-forming-rosettes-of-up-to-30\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":32427},"32430":{"ID":32430,"post_title":"Strobili conical, with thick, strongly woody scales.The species of this region with leaves in fascicles of 2","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-conical-with-thick-strongly-woody-scales-the-species-of-this-region-with-leaves-in-fascicles-of-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:42:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/strobili-conical-with-thick-strongly-woody-scales-the-species-of-this-region-with-leaves-in-fascicles-of-2\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":32430}},"title_groups_keys":[],"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"1","ID":10749,"post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_content":"

Family comprising 11 genera and about 250 species of trees (rarely shrubs) mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Species with great forestry value for their resistance to extreme weather conditions, enduring freezing temperatures frequently. Its forests usually mark the end of the forest cover (altitudinally and latitudinally). Some species, such as in the genera Abies<\/strong> and Cedrus<\/strong>, are very important in preventing erosion and landslides in high mountains where they occur.
<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10749}],"species":[{"short_name":"Pinus halepensis","name_html":"Pinus halepensis<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, medium size up to 20 m in height on very favourable terrain","common_names":"","other_name":"Eng.<\/em>: Mediterranean pine, Aleppo pine.\u00a0\u00a0 Spa<\/em>.: Pino carrasco.\u00a0\u00a0 Fre<\/em>.: Pin blanc, pin d'Alep.\u00a0\u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Senuber, snuber, snuber halab, raurai.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: Ta\u00efda, taiia, azumbei (Kabyle), azenbi, azuber, igengen.","flowering":"March to May.","fruiting":"August to October of the second year, with the cones opening for seed dispersal in the spring of the third year.","habitat":"Dry and sunny terrain from sea level to 2,200 m. On very diverse substrates, in semiarid to subhumid ombrotypes. This is the North African pine that best withstands drought and high temperatures, and therefore it is the most abundant and most widely distributed, found from the Mediterranean to the Saharan Atlas.","distribution":"Mediterranean region. In North Africa, it appears here and there throughout the entire north of the Sahara, that is, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya (Cyrenaica). In the past, it must have been very common in the vast steppes between the Tellian Atlas and the Saharan Atlas; however, it has almost disappeared in that area.","observations":"These pines have two characteristics that put them in an advantageous position when competing with almost any other tree species in regions such as the Mediterranean, when it comes to recolonising newly deforested land. First, they are sun-loving species that thrive in bare soil with no overshadowing from vegetation. Secondly, their growth is the fastest among Mediterranean forest species. The destruction of native forests by plowing, fires and grazing has been a constant in the natural history of North Africa, which undoubtedly has favoured the expansion of pine forests. This explains, for example, that they currently constitute the largest forest area of the region, covering nearly a million and half hectares.\r\n\r\nIn the Mediterranean region, pines are opportunistic, colonisers of degraded ecosystems, but we should not forget they are indigenous, though currently it would be rare that they occur naturally. This is proven by the presence of fossil pollen of Pinus pinaster<\/em> in Kabylia from 10,000 years ago, or in the Rif from 7,000 years ago. There have always been pines in the region. In fact, the presence of endemic subspecies and varieties of Pinus nigra<\/em> and Pinus pinaster<\/em> in North Africa can only be the result of an ancient presence of pines in the area.One of the best places to observe the advance of desertification is in the base on the southern slopes of the Tellian Atlas. Formerly the area was covered in dense oak forests, but these have been gradually disappearing through logging (which destroyed them) and agriculture, grazing and increased desertification (which prevented their regeneration). In some places, dead oak forests are still standing, forming skeletal forests on a steppe of esparto and rosemary, with no probability of natural regeneration of oak trees. However, in this area there are small forests of Pinus halepensis<\/em> in perfect condition. An adequate large scale reforestation with this pine and the elimination of grazing would protect the soil from sunstroke and erosion, probably creating better conditions for subsequent repopulation of oak forests and consequent stop and reversal of desertification. Some plantations made with this pine half a century ago in North Africa are now leading to spontaneous regeneration of the original Mediterranean hardwood forest, with trees or shrubs that, in the less dry places, are as tall or even higher than the pines.In Algeria, an ambitious program was launched in 1974 to curb the desert. The government proposed planting a forest strip of 3,000,000 hectares along the northern edge of the Sahara. Planting began with great enthusiasm to form what was called the \"Green Barrier\".<\/strong> Tunisia and Libya joined the project to continue with it along their respective territories. The most widely used species was Pinus halepensis <\/em>(more than 85% of all trees planted). However, not the most appropriate techniques were used and the project does not seem to evolve as expected.","conservation":"Common species. In IUCN Red List of Threatened Species it is listed at a global level as Least Concern (LC) (Farjon 2013).","genus":{"11803":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"Genus comprised of 130 species. 3 in NA","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10749","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content":"

Family comprising 11 genera and about 250 species of trees (rarely shrubs) mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Species with great forestry value for their resistance to extreme weather conditions, enduring freezing temperatures frequently. Its forests usually mark the end of the forest cover (altitudinally and latitudinally). Some species, such as in the genera Abies<\/strong> and Cedrus<\/strong>, are very important in preventing erosion and landslides in high mountains where they occur.
<\/p>","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"62","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10749","trid":"113931","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10749"},"species":[{"ID":"11838","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, medium size up to 20 m in height on very favourable terrain. In mature specimens the shape is very irregular, but usually with rounded appearance. Young trees have a conical shape. Depending on the habitat, the trunk is tortuous or stylised, and can reach up to 1.5 m in diameter. Frequent pine in the Mediterranean coast. In areas most affected by storms and with rocky soils it often takes a stockier, bushy form, with older specimens reaching up to 10 m in diameter and only 2 m high. Bark ashy, white or silvery, characteristically smooth at first, turning from brown to red-brown and fissured with age. Branches and branchlets thinner than in other pines. Leaves born in pairs at the end of the branchlets, on a sort of pedicel that surrounds the base. Leaves light green, flexible and very thin (6-15 \u00d7 0.05-0.1 cm). Male cones oblong (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm) yellowish, grouped in large numbers in cylindrical spikes, 5-8 cm near the apex of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid (5-12 mm), first green-pink, then purple, longly pedunculate. Strobili characterised by a thick woody peduncle 1-2 cm, ovoid-conical (6-12 \u00d7 3.5-4.5 cm), elongated, with a rhomboid almost flat apophysis and a small blunt central appendage. Seeds small (5-7 mm) with wings 3-5 times higher.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3952","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11838","trid":"114282","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11838"},{"ID":"11835","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen green, monoecious, medium sized tree that can reach up to 20 m in height, very irregular shape in adult specimens, pyramidal in younger ones. Trunk up to 1 m in diameter, straight, greyish-silvery bark, which turns dark grey and very fissured in older specimens. Branches usually whorled, arched upwards in the lower parts of the tree, irregular towards the top. Branchlets orange. Leaves acicular, rigid, narrow (10-14 \u00d7 0.16-0.19 cm), grouped in pairs and surrounded by a thin membranous sheath at the base. Male cones subcylindrical (1.5-2 \u00d7 0.5-0.7 cm), subsessile, yellowish, growing in groups toward the end of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid, very short (8-15 mm), solitary or whorled, red. Strobili subsessile, ovoid-conical (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). Scales with depressed apophysis, with a small \u00b1 salient appendix in the centre. Seeds very small (5-7 mm), with a relatively large wing (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3949","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11835","trid":"114281","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11835"},{"ID":"11832","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, 20-30 m in height (up to 40 m), irregular shape in older trees, with the crown at the top half of the tree. Young trees pyramidal. Trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter, straight, with thick bark reddish-brown, blackish in the outer layers, highly fissured in ancient specimens. Branchlets light brown, chestnut colour, sometimes reddish-brown. Branches in whorls almost perpendicularly to the trunk, lowest branches somehow sloping, upper branches generally bending upwards. Leaves acicular, semirigid, thick and long (10-27 cm \u00d7 0.2-0.25), dark green. Born in fascicles of 2, basally wrapped by a membranous sheath. Male cones are born grouped at the end of the branchlet, longly ovoid (1-3 \u00d7 0.4-0.6 cm), orange. Female cones in whorls of 2 to 3, ovate (2-2.5 cm), reddish. Strobili sessile or subsessile, ovate-conical in shape and often curved (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). Scales with robust apophysis, very prominent, pyramidal. Each with two seeds (7-9 mm) which are small compared to its wing that is usually 4 times larger.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3946","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11832","trid":"114280","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11832"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"22936","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili sessile or subsessile, quickly caducous. Branchlets yellowish or chestnut colour. Leaves large (10-20 cm), dark green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1739","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22936","trid":"116862","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22936"},{"ID":"35417","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Buds resinous with appressed scales. Strobili small (5-7 cm), with bulging flakes, depressed in the centre, with a small sharp carina in the centre","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28365","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35417","trid":"185070","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35417"},{"ID":"35420","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Buds non-resinous with protruding curved scales. Strobili larger (8-20 cm) with very sharp protruding scales","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28369","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35420","trid":"185072","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35420"},{"ID":"42876","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili clearly pedunculate, persistent for many years, branchlets ash-grey. Leaves smaller (5-12 cm), light green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-clearly-pedunculate-persistent-for-many-years-branchlets-ash-grey-leaves-smaller-5-12-cm-light-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42876","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34628","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42876","trid":"653657","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42876"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11803,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"

Genus comprised of 130 species distributed mainly in the Norhern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 3 native species, with an abundant and very disjunct distribution: P. pinaster<\/strong> and P. nigra<\/strong> are relatively scarce, being restricted to mild to cold wetlands. P. halepensis<\/strong>, however, being a drought tolerant species, forms extensive forests scattered throughout the Mediterranean area of the region, often marking the southernmost forest edge of the Mediterranean, before the Sahara. <\/p>\n

Anthracological analyses in the ancient Phoenician and Roman city of Lixus (NW Atlantic Morocco) are revealing the presence here of a fourth species of pine: P. pinea<\/em>, about 2,600 years ago. On calcareous soils, dominated the forests of Quercus ilex<\/em>, with Q, coccifera<\/em> and Olea europaea<\/em>, on acids soils dominated the forests of Q. suber<\/em> with Erica<\/em> sp. and, in both types of forest, pine trees appeared, although always scarce.<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11803}},"images":[{"ID":"27980","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:17","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:17","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 1. Guillermo Ben\u00edtez","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Adult and young individuals of different ages. Guillermo Ben\u00edtez","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-1-guillermo-benitez-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-1.-Guillermo-Benitez.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19870","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27980","trid":"119077","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27980"},{"ID":"27982","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:18","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Leaves and male cones still closed. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19872","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27982","trid":"119078","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27982"},{"ID":"27984","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:19","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Leaves and open male cones. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19874","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27984","trid":"119079","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27984"},{"ID":"27986","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:20","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:20","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Branch with leaves and female cones of the year (green) and of the previous year. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19876","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27986","trid":"119080","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27986"},{"ID":"27988","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:21","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 5. Khellaf Rebbas","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Forests in the N of Algeria. Khellaf Rebbas","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-5-khellaf-rebbas-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-5.-Khellaf-Rebbas.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19878","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27988","trid":"119081","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27988"},{"ID":"27990","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:22","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 6. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Serotine cones closed, several years old, with fertile seeds inside. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-6-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-6.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19880","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27990","trid":"119082","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27990"},{"ID":"27992","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:23","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:23","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 7. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Due to its tolerance to drought and insolation, it is one of the few tree species that survive in the high Algerian-Moroccan plateaus and the Saharan Atlas. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-7-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-7.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19882","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27992","trid":"119083","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27992"},{"ID":"27994","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus halepensis. 8. Manfred Finckh","post_excerpt":"Pinus halepensis. Relict individuals on lithosols in southern Morocco. Manfred Finckh","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-8-manfred-finckh-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11838","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-halepensis.-8.-Manfred-Finckh.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19884","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27994","trid":"119084","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27994"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" 23.0994178614452,32.55495211664692\",\" 23.09788984044383,32.56305708211869\",\" 23.09790040118264,32.56581120822074\",\" 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10.37602426850526,36.0876059634445\",\" 10.46982885581707,36.10580405441363\",\" 10.4670410006417,36.12724298187817\",\" 10.46696623460412,36.12821494756184\",\" 10.46614329917395,36.15638954174403\",\" 10.4672170204492,36.18020554554954\",\" 10.47116087407511,36.21093745819718\",\" 10.47730464119627,36.23645314559627\",\" 10.48830169866449,36.27018728841267\",\" 10.49183433548626,36.2776542226643\",\" 10.49126855669857,36.27940386089949\",\" 10.49255484353125,36.28013794870742\",\" 10.49493932758793,36.28560579886857\",\" 10.49818865638144,36.29622885527749\",\" 10.50918537750323,36.31712527571096\",\" 10.50908295101743,36.31903702034225\",\" 10.51272589328539,36.32652289791344\",\" 10.52325440216896,36.34527589756465\",\" 10.52577836118246,36.34918672538714\",\" 10.52894772585694,36.35252155002956\",\" 10.54290493601405,36.37167637756284\",\" 10.54381776138064,36.37109335157697\",\" 10.49924835992391,36.517218729261\",\" 10.44785305377548,36.62061317335929\",\" 10.33510605609968,36.68286405922902\",\" 10.07819858069996,36.67714537106207\",\" 9.72262588018026,36.63113575211332\",\" 9.27814294214312,36.48093459835309\",\" 8.593461006919995,36.22314049393867\",\" 7.970822535231889,36.14731159705264\",\" 6.86677913065239,36.27689057324142\",\" 6.515552093654264,36.3200995972187\",\" 6.298433328035685,36.33109484075436\",\" 5.824304547217138,36.355100091596\",\" 5.568520034571975,36.39603130010448\",\" 5.334596871748261,36.48578067164073\",\" 4.96772155920263,36.62633063125367\",\" 4.734975404791157,36.74135255847386\",\" 4.462232143398751,36.90125625317359\",\" \"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":11838,"post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, medium size up to 20 m in height on very favourable terrain. In mature specimens the shape is very irregular, but usually with rounded appearance. Young trees have a conical shape. Depending on the habitat, the trunk is tortuous or stylised, and can reach up to 1.5 m in diameter. Frequent pine in the Mediterranean coast. In areas most affected by storms and with rocky soils it often takes a stockier, bushy form, with older specimens reaching up to 10 m in diameter and only 2 m high. Bark ashy, white or silvery, characteristically smooth at first, turning from brown to red-brown and fissured with age. Branches and branchlets thinner than in other pines. Leaves born in pairs at the end of the branchlets, on a sort of pedicel that surrounds the base. Leaves light green, flexible and very thin (6-15 \u00d7 0.05-0.1 cm). Male cones oblong (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm) yellowish, grouped in large numbers in cylindrical spikes, 5-8 cm near the apex of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid (5-12 mm), first green-pink, then purple, longly pedunculate. Strobili characterised by a thick woody peduncle 1-2 cm, ovoid-conical (6-12 \u00d7 3.5-4.5 cm), elongated, with a rhomboid almost flat apophysis and a small blunt central appendage. Seeds small (5-7 mm) with wings 3-5 times higher.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11838},{"short_name":"Pinus nigra","name_html":"Pinus nigra<\/strong> subsp. mauretanica<\/strong> (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","short_description":"Evergreen green, monoecious, medium sized tree that can reach up to 20 m in height, very irregular shape in adult specimens, pyramidal in younger ones","common_names":"P. nigra <\/em>var. mauretanica<\/em> Maire & Peyerimh., P. clusiana<\/em> subsp. mauretanica<\/em> (Maire & Peyerimh.) Maire","other_name":"Eng.<\/em>: Black pine.\u00a0\u00a0 Spa<\/em>.: Pino salgare\u00f1o, pino laricio.\u00a0\u00a0 Fre<\/em>.: Pin noir.\u00a0\u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Senuber, snuber.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: Anagro, negro (Riff), ta\u00efda.","flowering":"March to May.","fruiting":"Between September and November of the second year, with the cones opening for seed dispersal in the spring of the third year.","habitat":"In calcareous and calcareous-dolomitic humid mountains, between 1,400 and 1,800 m, in subhumid to hyperhumid ombrotype. Unlike in Mediterranean Europe, where the species forms almost pure pine woods, even monospecific, in the Maghreb region this pine grows scattered among cedars and fir forests, with yews, oaks and maples. Probably in a more natural environment.","distribution":"P. nigra<\/em> is mainly distributed throughout southern Europe, from the Iberian Peninsula to Crimea and Anatolian Peninsula. In North Africa, where subspecies mauretanica<\/em> is endemic, it is very rare. There is only one location in the central part of the Djurdjura Massif in Algeria (west of Tidjka) and several locations in the western Rif (Gomara mountains), where there are isolated individuals or small forests, but without forming dense forests. In the central Rif, it has also been cited in Aknul.","observations":"This species is clearly in a regressive process in North Africa (like many other native forest tree species), which should be stopped by eliminating its threats and by using it more (together with native cedars, firs, oaks, and maples) to repopulate the high and medium calcareous mountain of the Maghreb region. On the other hand, plantations of non-native pines should be progressively eliminated.","conservation":"Very common and widespread species. In the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em> it is listed at a global level as Least Concern (LC), for the species as a whole and for the subsp. salzmannii<\/em> (Farjon 2013). However, the North African populations considered in this project as subsp. mauretanica<\/em> have very few individuals. If this subspecies were to be assessed at a national and\/or at a regional level it would possibly be ranked as threatened. In Morocco it is included in its List of native species that need authorization for commercial use (Law 29-2005 and Decree 2-12-484 of 21-May-2015). In Algeria it is included in the List of protected non cultivated flora (Executive Decree 12-03 on 4-Jan-2012).","genus":{"11803":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"Genus comprised of 130 species. 3 in NA","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10749","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content":"

Family comprising 11 genera and about 250 species of trees (rarely shrubs) mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Species with great forestry value for their resistance to extreme weather conditions, enduring freezing temperatures frequently. Its forests usually mark the end of the forest cover (altitudinally and latitudinally). Some species, such as in the genera Abies<\/strong> and Cedrus<\/strong>, are very important in preventing erosion and landslides in high mountains where they occur.
<\/p>","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"62","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10749","trid":"113931","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10749"},"species":[{"ID":"11838","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, medium size up to 20 m in height on very favourable terrain. In mature specimens the shape is very irregular, but usually with rounded appearance. Young trees have a conical shape. Depending on the habitat, the trunk is tortuous or stylised, and can reach up to 1.5 m in diameter. Frequent pine in the Mediterranean coast. In areas most affected by storms and with rocky soils it often takes a stockier, bushy form, with older specimens reaching up to 10 m in diameter and only 2 m high. Bark ashy, white or silvery, characteristically smooth at first, turning from brown to red-brown and fissured with age. Branches and branchlets thinner than in other pines. Leaves born in pairs at the end of the branchlets, on a sort of pedicel that surrounds the base. Leaves light green, flexible and very thin (6-15 \u00d7 0.05-0.1 cm). Male cones oblong (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm) yellowish, grouped in large numbers in cylindrical spikes, 5-8 cm near the apex of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid (5-12 mm), first green-pink, then purple, longly pedunculate. Strobili characterised by a thick woody peduncle 1-2 cm, ovoid-conical (6-12 \u00d7 3.5-4.5 cm), elongated, with a rhomboid almost flat apophysis and a small blunt central appendage. Seeds small (5-7 mm) with wings 3-5 times higher.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3952","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11838","trid":"114282","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11838"},{"ID":"11835","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen green, monoecious, medium sized tree that can reach up to 20 m in height, very irregular shape in adult specimens, pyramidal in younger ones. Trunk up to 1 m in diameter, straight, greyish-silvery bark, which turns dark grey and very fissured in older specimens. Branches usually whorled, arched upwards in the lower parts of the tree, irregular towards the top. Branchlets orange. Leaves acicular, rigid, narrow (10-14 \u00d7 0.16-0.19 cm), grouped in pairs and surrounded by a thin membranous sheath at the base. Male cones subcylindrical (1.5-2 \u00d7 0.5-0.7 cm), subsessile, yellowish, growing in groups toward the end of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid, very short (8-15 mm), solitary or whorled, red. Strobili subsessile, ovoid-conical (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). Scales with depressed apophysis, with a small \u00b1 salient appendix in the centre. Seeds very small (5-7 mm), with a relatively large wing (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3949","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11835","trid":"114281","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11835"},{"ID":"11832","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, 20-30 m in height (up to 40 m), irregular shape in older trees, with the crown at the top half of the tree. Young trees pyramidal. Trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter, straight, with thick bark reddish-brown, blackish in the outer layers, highly fissured in ancient specimens. Branchlets light brown, chestnut colour, sometimes reddish-brown. Branches in whorls almost perpendicularly to the trunk, lowest branches somehow sloping, upper branches generally bending upwards. Leaves acicular, semirigid, thick and long (10-27 cm \u00d7 0.2-0.25), dark green. Born in fascicles of 2, basally wrapped by a membranous sheath. Male cones are born grouped at the end of the branchlet, longly ovoid (1-3 \u00d7 0.4-0.6 cm), orange. Female cones in whorls of 2 to 3, ovate (2-2.5 cm), reddish. Strobili sessile or subsessile, ovate-conical in shape and often curved (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). Scales with robust apophysis, very prominent, pyramidal. Each with two seeds (7-9 mm) which are small compared to its wing that is usually 4 times larger.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3946","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11832","trid":"114280","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11832"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"22936","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili sessile or subsessile, quickly caducous. Branchlets yellowish or chestnut colour. Leaves large (10-20 cm), dark green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1739","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22936","trid":"116862","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22936"},{"ID":"35417","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Buds resinous with appressed scales. Strobili small (5-7 cm), with bulging flakes, depressed in the centre, with a small sharp carina in the centre","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28365","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35417","trid":"185070","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35417"},{"ID":"35420","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Buds non-resinous with protruding curved scales. Strobili larger (8-20 cm) with very sharp protruding scales","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28369","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35420","trid":"185072","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35420"},{"ID":"42876","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili clearly pedunculate, persistent for many years, branchlets ash-grey. Leaves smaller (5-12 cm), light green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-clearly-pedunculate-persistent-for-many-years-branchlets-ash-grey-leaves-smaller-5-12-cm-light-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42876","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34628","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42876","trid":"653657","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42876"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11803,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"

Genus comprised of 130 species distributed mainly in the Norhern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 3 native species, with an abundant and very disjunct distribution: P. pinaster<\/strong> and P. nigra<\/strong> are relatively scarce, being restricted to mild to cold wetlands. P. halepensis<\/strong>, however, being a drought tolerant species, forms extensive forests scattered throughout the Mediterranean area of the region, often marking the southernmost forest edge of the Mediterranean, before the Sahara. <\/p>\n

Anthracological analyses in the ancient Phoenician and Roman city of Lixus (NW Atlantic Morocco) are revealing the presence here of a fourth species of pine: P. pinea<\/em>, about 2,600 years ago. On calcareous soils, dominated the forests of Quercus ilex<\/em>, with Q, coccifera<\/em> and Olea europaea<\/em>, on acids soils dominated the forests of Q. suber<\/em> with Erica<\/em> sp. and, in both types of forest, pine trees appeared, although always scarce.<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11803}},"images":[{"ID":"30365","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:09","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 1. Joaqu\u00edn Molero","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. General aspect and habitat. Joaqu\u00edn Molero","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-1-joaquin-molero-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11835","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-1.-Joaquin-Molero.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22058","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30365","trid":"120123","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30365"},{"ID":"30374","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:14","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. Mixed forest in the Western Rif (NW of Morocco), with Abies marocana, Cedrus atlantica and Pinus nigra. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11835","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22067","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30374","trid":"120126","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30374"},{"ID":"30371","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:13","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:13","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. Leaves and female cones, one open from the previous year and 2 young from the year. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11835","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22064","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30371","trid":"120125","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30371"},{"ID":"30368","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-02 08:11:12","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-02 08:11:12","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus nigra 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus nigra. Leaves and open male cones. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11835","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-nigra-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"22061","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"30368","trid":"120124","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"30368"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -3.83431429999996,34.80161150000004\",\" -3.850192999999933,34.80097710000007\",\" -3.862724299999968,34.79604350000005\",\" -3.869333599999948,34.79227260000005\",\" -3.875427199999933,34.78695060000007\",\" -3.874568899999929,34.77637630000004\",\" -3.870620199999962,34.76657590000008\",\" -3.865299199999924,34.75889050000006\",\" -3.858432899999968,34.75829190000007\",\" -3.836975099999961,34.76171100000005\",\" -3.827533999999957,34.76562440000004\",\" -3.824615499999936,34.76826840000007\",\" -3.818263999999942,34.78300300000007\",\" -3.81440159999994,34.78800800000005\",\" -3.816204099999936,34.79555010000007\",\" -3.826761199999964,34.80154100000004\",\" -3.83431429999996,34.80161150000004\"]","zone_2":"[\" -5.115852299999972,35.25536190000003\",\" -5.112590799999964,35.24372640000007\",\" -5.113191599999936,35.23447300000004\",\" -5.118513099999973,35.22795280000003\",\" -5.134048499999949,35.20144620000008\",\" -5.150184599999932,35.17647430000005\",\" -5.157909399999937,35.14700330000005\",\" -5.15739439999993,35.12791160000006\",\" -5.151386299999956,35.11246650000004\",\" -5.141601599999945,35.08514960000008\",\" -5.133876199999975,35.08100580000007\",\" -5.117740599999934,35.07805550000006\",\" -5.112204599999927,35.07851220000003\",\" -5.108728399999961,35.08135680000004\",\" -5.108256799999936,35.08356830000002\",\" -5.112655899999936,35.09513860000004\",\" -5.112366399999928,35.09881690000003\",\" -5.108815199999981,35.10298650000004\",\" -5.101948299999947,35.10393550000003\",\" -5.088558399999954,35.10230310000003\",\" -5.085296599999936,35.10347890000003\",\" -5.074481999999932,35.11302820000003\",\" -5.047702799999968,35.11050050000006\",\" -5.034316299999944,35.11694240000003\",\" -5.023673999999971,35.12675310000003\",\" -5.009937299999933,35.14300280000003\",\" -5.022468599999968,35.17542200000003\",\" -5.060834899999975,35.22655060000005\",\" -5.063238099999978,35.23818850000004\",\" -5.063366799999926,35.24842260000003\",\" -5.064589799999965,35.25147180000005\",\" -5.067529699999966,35.25367980000004\",\" -5.08924479999996,35.26272090000003\",\" -5.102634399999943,35.27288210000006\",\" -5.112848299999939,35.28094010000007\",\" -5.121002199999964,35.28591470000004\",\" -5.127439599999946,35.28612510000005\",\" -5.134906799999953,35.28311220000006\",\" -5.133962299999951,35.27225080000005\",\" -5.129756899999961,35.26166960000006\",\" -5.115852299999972,35.25536190000003\"]","zone_3":"[\" 4.103565200000048,36.48783320000007\",\" 4.084167000000036,36.48866590000006\",\" 4.027862500000026,36.48148430000003\",\" 3.994817700000056,36.47596320000002\",\" 3.980741500000022,36.46844000000004\",\" 3.966665300000045,36.46347010000005\",\" 3.958854700000074,36.45843040000005\",\" 3.966064500000073,36.45166540000002\",\" 3.98743630000007,36.44931800000006\",\" 4.016189600000075,36.44918000000007\",\" 4.059705700000052,36.44807530000003\",\" 4.119443900000022,36.42901740000008\",\" 4.174633000000029,36.43454190000006\",\" 4.203085600000065,36.43432070000006\",\" 4.233423800000026,36.42884360000005\",\" 4.237771000000066,36.43063080000007\",\" 4.241260000000068,36.43352290000007\",\" 4.244921200000022,36.44428660000006\",\" 4.251158500000031,36.45118360000004\",\" 4.302132400000062,36.45409670000004\",\" 4.337151000000063,36.46555480000006\",\" 4.337426200000039,36.46977530000004\",\" 4.334267900000043,36.47206320000004\",\" 4.319539500000076,36.47373930000003\",\" 4.249906500000066,36.48603900000006\",\" 4.201670200000024,36.47993250000008\",\" 4.172401400000069,36.47485890000007\",\" 4.131546000000071,36.48286460000003\",\" 4.103565200000048,36.48783320000007\"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":11835,"post_title":"Pinus nigra subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_content":"Evergreen green, monoecious, medium sized tree that can reach up to 20 m in height, very irregular shape in adult specimens, pyramidal in younger ones. Trunk up to 1 m in diameter, straight, greyish-silvery bark, which turns dark grey and very fissured in older specimens. Branches usually whorled, arched upwards in the lower parts of the tree, irregular towards the top. Branchlets orange. Leaves acicular, rigid, narrow (10-14 \u00d7 0.16-0.19 cm), grouped in pairs and surrounded by a thin membranous sheath at the base. Male cones subcylindrical (1.5-2 \u00d7 0.5-0.7 cm), subsessile, yellowish, growing in groups toward the end of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid, very short (8-15 mm), solitary or whorled, red. Strobili subsessile, ovoid-conical (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). Scales with depressed apophysis, with a small \u00b1 salient appendix in the centre. Seeds very small (5-7 mm), with a relatively large wing (20-25 mm).","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11835},{"short_name":"Pinus pinaster","name_html":"Pinus pinaster<\/strong> Aiton","short_description":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, 20-30 m in height (up to 40 m), irregular shape in older trees, with the crown at the top half of the tree.","common_names":"","other_name":"Eng.<\/em>: Cluster pine, maritime pine.\u00a0\u00a0 Spa<\/em>.: Pino negral, pino rodeno, pino resinero.\u00a0\u00a0 Fre<\/em>.: Pin maritime, pin de corte, pin m\u00e9sog\u00e9en.\u00a0\u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Senuber, snuber.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: Ta\u00efda.","flowering":"March to May.","fruiting":"August to October of the following year, but the cone does not open for seed dispersal until the spring of the third year.","habitat":"Although in principle this species can grow from sea level to 2,200 m in altitude, the first references to it in Morocco (XIX and early XX centuries) always place it in high mountain. Ombryotype from subhumid to humid. Although it can grow well in calcareous soils (western Rif, High Atlas), it develops better on siliceous soils.","distribution":"Its range is limited to the western Mediterranean. In North Africa it is quite rare in Tunisia (restricted to Tabarka \u2014Kroumir\u00eda\u2014) and Algeria (central-eastern Kabylia). In Morocco it is more widespread (central-western Rif \u2014where it forms good forests\u2014, eastern Middle Atlas and eastern Upper Atlas).","observations":"In the study area, two subspecies have been cited: P. pinaster<\/strong> subsp. escarena<\/strong> (Risso) K. Richt. [P. pinaster <\/em>subsp. hamiltonii<\/em> (Ten.) Villar], from Morocco and Algeria, characterised mainly because the leaf has 4-9 resin channels in the basal part, and P. pinaster<\/strong> subsp. renoui<\/strong> (Villar) Maire, from Algeria and Tunisia, which differs from the former by having only 2 resin channels. In addition, with a great controversy, several native and non-native subspecies have been planted throughout the Maghreb","conservation":"Very common and widely distributed species but subsp. renoui<\/em> despite being locally common presents a very small distribution area. In IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em> the subsp. renoui<\/em> is listed at a global level as Endangered (EN) (Farjon 2013).","genus":{"11803":{"short_name":"Pinus","name_html":"Pinus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"Genus comprised of 130 species. 3 in NA","references":"Abdelli, D. & Moali D. 1996. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Maghreb (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica): Rif et Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 82<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAdjaoud D. & Aidrous N., 1992. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biosyst\u00e9matique du Pin noir du Djurdjura (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. mauretanica Maire et Peyer).<\/em> M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. 103<\/u>.\r\n\r\nAsmani, A. 2003. Plaidoyer pour le Pin noir d'Alg\u00e9rie (Pinus nigra<\/em> Arnold ssp. mauretanica <\/em>Maire et Peyerimohff) - Peuplements menaces. XII Congreso forestal mundial<\/em>. Quebec. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/ARTICLE\/WFC\/XII\/0748-B3.HTM<\/a>\r\n\r\nBoutamine, R. 1987. Etude structurale et dynamique du peuplement de pin noir du Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9moire D.E.S. Sciences de la nature, Univ. Sci. Tech. H. Boumedienne. Babezouar. Alger. 64 P.\r\n\r\nBucci, G., Gonzalez-Mart\u00ednez, S.C., Le Provost, G., Plomion, C., Ribeiro, M.M., Sebastiani, F., Alia, R. & Vendramin, G.G. 2007. Range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in Pinus pinaster <\/em>Ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Molecular Ecology<\/em> 16: 2137-2153.\r\n\r\nChalabi, B. 1980. Etude \u00e9cologique, dendrologique et dendrom\u00e9trique du Pin noir alg\u00e9rien (Pinus nigra <\/em>Arn. subsp. clusiana <\/em>Maire et Peyer) \u00e0 Tikjda: Djurdjura<\/em>. M\u00e9m. Ing. Agr. Ins. Nat. Agr. El-Harrach, Alger. 87<\/u>.\r\n\r\nFarjon, A. 2018. Pines. Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus<\/em>. Second edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 236 pp.\r\n\r\nKadik, B., 1987. Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Alg\u00e9rie: \u00e9cologie, dendrom\u00e9trie, morphologie<\/em>. O.P.U.. Argel. 575 pp + anexos.\r\n\r\nMirov, N.T., 1967. The genus Pinus<\/em>. Nueva York. 610 pp.\r\n\r\nSouleres, G. 1969. Le Pin d'Alep en Tunisie. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re<\/em>, 2 (1): 126 pp.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10749","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content":"

Family comprising 11 genera and about 250 species of trees (rarely shrubs) mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Species with great forestry value for their resistance to extreme weather conditions, enduring freezing temperatures frequently. Its forests usually mark the end of the forest cover (altitudinally and latitudinally). Some species, such as in the genera Abies<\/strong> and Cedrus<\/strong>, are very important in preventing erosion and landslides in high mountains where they occur.
<\/p>","post_title":"PINACEAE Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/pinaceae-sprengel-ex-f-rudolphi\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"62","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10749","trid":"113931","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10749"},"species":[{"ID":"11838","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, medium size up to 20 m in height on very favourable terrain. In mature specimens the shape is very irregular, but usually with rounded appearance. Young trees have a conical shape. Depending on the habitat, the trunk is tortuous or stylised, and can reach up to 1.5 m in diameter. Frequent pine in the Mediterranean coast. In areas most affected by storms and with rocky soils it often takes a stockier, bushy form, with older specimens reaching up to 10 m in diameter and only 2 m high. Bark ashy, white or silvery, characteristically smooth at first, turning from brown to red-brown and fissured with age. Branches and branchlets thinner than in other pines. Leaves born in pairs at the end of the branchlets, on a sort of pedicel that surrounds the base. Leaves light green, flexible and very thin (6-15 \u00d7 0.05-0.1 cm). Male cones oblong (5-8 \u00d7 3-4 mm) yellowish, grouped in large numbers in cylindrical spikes, 5-8 cm near the apex of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid (5-12 mm), first green-pink, then purple, longly pedunculate. Strobili characterised by a thick woody peduncle 1-2 cm, ovoid-conical (6-12 \u00d7 3.5-4.5 cm), elongated, with a rhomboid almost flat apophysis and a small blunt central appendage. Seeds small (5-7 mm) with wings 3-5 times higher.","post_title":"Pinus halepensis Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-halepensis-miller","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:31:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-halepensis-miller\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3952","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11838","trid":"114282","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11838"},{"ID":"11835","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen green, monoecious, medium sized tree that can reach up to 20 m in height, very irregular shape in adult specimens, pyramidal in younger ones. Trunk up to 1 m in diameter, straight, greyish-silvery bark, which turns dark grey and very fissured in older specimens. Branches usually whorled, arched upwards in the lower parts of the tree, irregular towards the top. Branchlets orange. Leaves acicular, rigid, narrow (10-14 \u00d7 0.16-0.19 cm), grouped in pairs and surrounded by a thin membranous sheath at the base. Male cones subcylindrical (1.5-2 \u00d7 0.5-0.7 cm), subsessile, yellowish, growing in groups toward the end of the branchlets. Female cones ovoid, very short (8-15 mm), solitary or whorled, red. Strobili subsessile, ovoid-conical (4-6 \u00d7 2-4 cm). Scales with depressed apophysis, with a small \u00b1 salient appendix in the centre. Seeds very small (5-7 mm), with a relatively large wing (20-25 mm).","post_title":"Pinus nigra subsp. mauretanica (Maire & Peyerimh.) Heywood","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 07:37:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-nigra-j-f-arnold-subsp-mauretanica-maire-peyerimh-heywood\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3949","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11835","trid":"114281","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11835"},{"ID":"11832","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, 20-30 m in height (up to 40 m), irregular shape in older trees, with the crown at the top half of the tree. Young trees pyramidal. Trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter, straight, with thick bark reddish-brown, blackish in the outer layers, highly fissured in ancient specimens. Branchlets light brown, chestnut colour, sometimes reddish-brown. Branches in whorls almost perpendicularly to the trunk, lowest branches somehow sloping, upper branches generally bending upwards. Leaves acicular, semirigid, thick and long (10-27 cm \u00d7 0.2-0.25), dark green. Born in fascicles of 2, basally wrapped by a membranous sheath. Male cones are born grouped at the end of the branchlet, longly ovoid (1-3 \u00d7 0.4-0.6 cm), orange. Female cones in whorls of 2 to 3, ovate (2-2.5 cm), reddish. Strobili sessile or subsessile, ovate-conical in shape and often curved (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). Scales with robust apophysis, very prominent, pyramidal. Each with two seeds (7-9 mm) which are small compared to its wing that is usually 4 times larger.","post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"3946","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"11832","trid":"114280","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11832"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"22936","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili sessile or subsessile, quickly caducous. Branchlets yellowish or chestnut colour. Leaves large (10-20 cm), dark green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1739","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"22936","trid":"116862","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"22936"},{"ID":"35417","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Buds resinous with appressed scales. Strobili small (5-7 cm), with bulging flakes, depressed in the centre, with a small sharp carina in the centre","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28365","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35417","trid":"185070","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35417"},{"ID":"35420","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Buds non-resinous with protruding curved scales. Strobili larger (8-20 cm) with very sharp protruding scales","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28369","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35420","trid":"185072","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35420"},{"ID":"42876","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Strobili clearly pedunculate, persistent for many years, branchlets ash-grey. Leaves smaller (5-12 cm), light green","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-clearly-pedunculate-persistent-for-many-years-branchlets-ash-grey-leaves-smaller-5-12-cm-light-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42876","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34628","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42876","trid":"653657","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42876"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11803,"post_title":"Pinus L.","post_content":"

Genus comprised of 130 species distributed mainly in the Norhern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 3 native species, with an abundant and very disjunct distribution: P. pinaster<\/strong> and P. nigra<\/strong> are relatively scarce, being restricted to mild to cold wetlands. P. halepensis<\/strong>, however, being a drought tolerant species, forms extensive forests scattered throughout the Mediterranean area of the region, often marking the southernmost forest edge of the Mediterranean, before the Sahara. <\/p>\n

Anthracological analyses in the ancient Phoenician and Roman city of Lixus (NW Atlantic Morocco) are revealing the presence here of a fourth species of pine: P. pinea<\/em>, about 2,600 years ago. On calcareous soils, dominated the forests of Quercus ilex<\/em>, with Q, coccifera<\/em> and Olea europaea<\/em>, on acids soils dominated the forests of Q. suber<\/em> with Erica<\/em> sp. and, in both types of forest, pine trees appeared, although always scarce.<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:02:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/pinus-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11803}},"images":[{"ID":"27996","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:25","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. Leaves and male cones still closed. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:44:11","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:44:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11832","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19886","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27996","trid":"119085","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27996"},{"ID":"27998","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. Leaves and male cones open. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:43:59","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:43:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11832","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19888","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27998","trid":"119086","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27998"},{"ID":"28000","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. Leaves and female cone. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:43:49","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:43:49","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11832","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19890","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28000","trid":"119087","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28000"},{"ID":"28002","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:32:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Pinus pinaster. 5. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Pinus pinaster. Forests in the Western Rif (NW Morocco). Jes\u00fas Charco","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-25 19:43:17","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-25 19:43:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"11832","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Pinus-pinaster.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19892","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28002","trid":"119088","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28002"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" 8.900375406100181,37.0198750503933\",\" 8.887633786170341,37.010549732784\",\" 8.874591544464238,37.0011014841462\",\" 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\"]","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":11832,"post_title":"Pinus pinaster Aiton","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, 20-30 m in height (up to 40 m), irregular shape in older trees, with the crown at the top half of the tree. Young trees pyramidal. Trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter, straight, with thick bark reddish-brown, blackish in the outer layers, highly fissured in ancient specimens. Branchlets light brown, chestnut colour, sometimes reddish-brown. Branches in whorls almost perpendicularly to the trunk, lowest branches somehow sloping, upper branches generally bending upwards. Leaves acicular, semirigid, thick and long (10-27 cm \u00d7 0.2-0.25), dark green. Born in fascicles of 2, basally wrapped by a membranous sheath. Male cones are born grouped at the end of the branchlet, longly ovoid (1-3 \u00d7 0.4-0.6 cm), orange. Female cones in whorls of 2 to 3, ovate (2-2.5 cm), reddish. Strobili sessile or subsessile, ovate-conical in shape and often curved (8-22 \u00d7 5-8 cm). Scales with robust apophysis, very prominent, pyramidal. Each with two seeds (7-9 mm) which are small compared to its wing that is usually 4 times larger.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:07:08","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pinus-pinaster-aiton","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:40:47","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/pinus-pinaster-aiton\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11832}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":22936,"post_title":"Strobili sessile or subsessile, quickly caducous. Branchlets yellowish or chestnut colour. Leaves large (10-20 cm), dark green","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:47:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/strobili-sessile-or-subsessile-quickly-caducous-branchlets-yellowish-or-chestnut-colour-leaves-large-10-20-cm-dark-green\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":22936},{"ID":35417,"post_title":"Buds resinous with appressed scales. Strobili small (5-7 cm), with bulging flakes, depressed in the centre, with a small sharp carina in the centre","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-resinous-with-appressed-scales-strobili-small-5-7-cm-with-bulging-flakes-depressed-in-the-centre-with-a-small-sharp-carina-in-the-centre\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":35417},{"ID":35420,"post_title":"Buds non-resinous with protruding curved scales. Strobili larger (8-20 cm) with very sharp protruding scales","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/buds-non-resinous-with-protruding-curved-scales-strobili-larger-8-20-cm-with-very-sharp-protruding-scales\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":35420},{"ID":42876,"post_title":"Strobili clearly pedunculate, persistent for many years, branchlets ash-grey. Leaves smaller (5-12 cm), light green","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"strobili-clearly-pedunculate-persistent-for-many-years-branchlets-ash-grey-leaves-smaller-5-12-cm-light-green","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-11 19:25:25","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42876","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":42876}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"yoast_head":"\nPinus L. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pinus L. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genus comprised of 130 species distributed mainly in the Norhern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 3 native species, with an abundant and very disjunct distribution: P. pinaster and P. nigra are relatively scarce, being restricted to mild to cold wetlands. P. halepensis, however, being a drought tolerant species, forms extensive forests scattered...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/pinus-l-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/pinus-l-3\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/pinus-l-3\/\",\"name\":\"Pinus L. - North Africa Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-10T09:02:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-10T09:02:09+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/pinus-l-3\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/genus\/11803"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/genus"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/genus"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}