{"id":11657,"date":"2020-11-10T09:01:53","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/tetraena-maxim-3\/"},"modified":"2023-05-28T08:03:40","modified_gmt":"2023-05-28T08:03:40","slug":"tetraena-maxim-3","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/tetraena-maxim-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Zygophyllum L."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A genus with about 117 species typical of the tropical and arid zones of the western half of the Old World, reaching adjacent areas of Mediterranean and\/or very continental climates (Central Asia) and with some more presence in the Neotropical region. The genus has undergone many modifications in its taxonomic treatment: initially it was a genus with a large number of species, including those with succulent leaflets and schizocarp fruit. Subsequently these species were joined with another present in Inner Mongolia (<em>Tetraena mongolica<\/em>) in the genus <em>Tetraena<\/em> (Beier <em>et al<\/em>., 2003). Currently, a more synthetic treatment is opted for (Christenhusz <em>et al<\/em>. 2018), which merges both genres.<\/p>\n<p>According to Beier <em>et al. <\/em>(2003), the fruits of species formerly included in <em>Tetraena<\/em> are schizocarps, not capsules. Although the term \u201ccapsule\u201d is used throughout the literature consulted, except in <em>Flora Iberica<\/em>, the terminology proposed by Beier <em>et al. <\/em>(2003) is followed here. To refer to the appendages of the staminal filament, the term \u201cscale\u201d is used.<\/p>\n<p>The type species of the genus is<strong> Z. fabago<\/strong> L. a herbaceous perennial plant with a somewhat lignified base, it can reach up to 1(1.5) m in height, leaves bifoliolate, flat, not fleshy, ellipsoid leaflets and fruits an elongated capsule (3-4 cm), dehiscent, with 4-5 flattened seeds; it grows in nitrified and even anthropic environments (walls, ruins, etc.); it is possibly native to the eastern Mediterranean region; in North Africa it was cited in Egypt, where it seems to have become extict [Red List of the Vascular Plants of Egypt (<em>Flora Aegyptiaca <\/em>Vol 1, 2000)], however since the past few centuries, it has been widely distributed almost anywhere in the world, possibly due to human activity. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level on the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","short_name":"Zygophyllum","name_html":"<strong>Zygophyllum<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Barone, R. 2003. <em>Zygophyllum wartelotii<\/em> Maire (<em>Zygophyllaceae<\/em>), nueva cita para el Archipi\u00e9lago Canario. <em>Bot. Macaron\u00e9sica<\/em> 24: 173-178.\r\n\r\nBeier, B.A., Chase, M.W. &amp; Thulin, M. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of subfamily <em>Zygophylloideae <\/em>(<em>Zygophyllaceae<\/em>) based on molecular and morphological data. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution<\/em>, 240(1\/4): 11-39.\r\n\r\nGhazanfar, S. &amp; Osborne, J. 2015. Typification of <em>Zygophyllum propinquum<\/em> Decne. and <em>Z. coccineum <\/em>L. (<em>Zygophyllaceae<\/em>) and a key to <em>Tetraena<\/em> in SO Asia. <em>K<\/em><em>ew Bulletin<\/em> 70: 38.\r\n\r\nHosny, A. I. 1977. New taxa of Zygophyllum from Egypt. Bot. Notiser 130: 467-468.\r\n\r\nMarrero, M.V. &amp; Carqu\u00e9, E. 2004. <em>Zygophyllum gaetulum<\/em>. In Ba\u00f1ares <em>et al<\/em>. Atlas y Libro Rojo de la Flora Vascular Amenazada de Espa\u00f1a. Direcci\u00f3n General de Conservaci\u00f3n de la Naturaleza. Madrid. 915.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","custom_author":"J.F. Mota, J. G\u00fcemes & F.J. 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