{"id":11495,"date":"2020-11-10T09:01:43","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/polygala-l-3\/"},"modified":"2026-06-03T19:24:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T19:24:29","slug":"polygala-l-3","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/polygala-l-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Polygala L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Genus integrated in North Africa by 12 native taxa, most of them herbaceous, but with 3 taxa somewhat woody at the base.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

P. sinaica <\/strong>Botsch., spiny subshrub, deciduous, up to 0.5 m in height, velvety-pubescent. Racemes lax, terminal, with up to 10 flowers, calyx with membranous external sepals, with a wide green vein, white internal sepals (wings), elliptic, with dense brown-greenish venation. Stony deserts, dried watercourses (wadis), cracks in rocky outcrops in Sinai Peninsula, Negev, Palestine and Arabian Peninsula.<\/p>\n

P. aschersoniana <\/strong>Chodat, suffruticose plant with somewhat thick leaves with revolute margin, glabrous, linear-lanceolate and short racemes, with few flowers; sepals linear with highly visible green veins. A remarkable endemism to the mountainous areas of NE Libya (Cyrenaica), from the Akhdar Massif to Derna. This species\u2019 closest relatives are in Sicily, Sardinia and mountains in Greece and the Aegean Sea.<\/p>\n

P. rupestris <\/strong>Pourr. (incl. P. saxatilis <\/em>Desf.), very different from the two previous species<\/span><\/span><\/span> for being more herbaceous; leaves membranous, not coriaceous, not deciduous; outer sepals and wings persistent; upper petals larger than the keel and crest highly developed and fimbriate. This is a rare species, but widely distributed across the Mediterranean non-steppic area of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In addition to subsp. rupestris<\/strong>, a further 2 subspecies are recognised: subsp. font-queri <\/strong>Pau ex Font Quer, endemic to Morocco, and subsp. oxycoccoides<\/strong> (Desf.) Batt., a dwarf herbaceous plant with obovate and somewhat thick leaves, present in Algeria and Morocco.<\/p>\n

Relatively common and widespread species, they are not considered threatened, except maybe for P. aschersonia<\/em> that has a small distribution area. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. P. sinaica<\/em>\u00a0 has been recently listed as \u201cEndangered\u201d (El-Khalafy et al<\/em>. in Phytotaxa<\/em> 502(3): 237-258, 2021).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","short_name":"Polygala","name_html":"Polygala<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Paiva, J. 1988. Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis Heterosamara<\/em> Kuntze, a genere Polygala<\/em> L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Fontqueria<\/em> 50: 346 pp.\r\n\r\nPastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Van Den Berg, C., Mota, M.C.D.A., Cabral, A. & Whitten, W.M. 2019. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala<\/em> (Polygalaceae). Taxon<\/em> 68(4): 673-691.","custom_author":"A. Lahora.","family":[{"name_html":"POLYGALACEAE <\/strong>Hoffmanns. & Link","short_name":"POLYGALACEAE","short_description":"","references":"Paiva, J. 1988. Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis Heterosamara Kuntze, a genere Polygala<\/em> L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Fontqueria <\/em>50: 346 pp.\r\n\r\nPastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Van Den Berg, C., Mota, M.C.D.A., Cabral, A. & Whitten, W.M. 2019. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala<\/em> (Polygalaceae). Taxon<\/em> 68(4): 673-691.","custom_author":"A. Lahora.","genuses":{"11495":{"short_name":"Polygala","name_html":"Polygala<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Paiva, J. 1988. Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis Heterosamara<\/em> Kuntze, a genere Polygala<\/em> L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Fontqueria<\/em> 50: 346 pp.\r\n\r\nPastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Van Den Berg, C., Mota, M.C.D.A., Cabral, A. & Whitten, W.M. 2019. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala<\/em> (Polygalaceae). Taxon<\/em> 68(4): 673-691.","custom_author":"A. Lahora.","family":{"ID":"10848","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_content":"Family composed of about 30 genera and 1,200 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and more rarely, woody lianas, widespread throughout almost the entire world. In North Africa it is only represented by two genera, Polygala<\/strong> Tourn.<\/span><\/span> ex L. and Chamaebuxus<\/strong> Tourn.<\/span><\/span> Only C. balansae<\/strong> (Coss.) Stapf could be considered shrubby, but five more species with slightly woody bases can also be cited from this genus.<\/span><\/span><\/span>","post_title":"POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 19:03:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 19:03:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"161","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10848","trid":"113964","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10848"},"species":[{"ID":"12615","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_content":"Spiny subshrub up to 0.8(1.5) m in height, \u00b1 erect, very ramose, with branching usually intricate. Trunk woody, branched from the base. Branches woody, rigid, glabrous, greenish-whitish or greenish-blueish, with rigid lateral and terminal spines, strong and sharp, pulverulent. Leaves small, oblong-linear, concave, coriaceous, glabrous, deciduous. Inflorescence in terminal and lateral racemes, with a spinescent axis, with up to 4 flowers, but frequently solitary or in pairs. Calyx with 5 caducous sepals: 3 outer sepals smaller than 2 inner ones which are petaloid (wings). Corolla intensely dark purple in colour; appears butterfly-shaped, with 3 petals, keel wide with yellow apex; upper petals smaller than the keel and fused to the base of staminal tube; crest, characteristic of the genus, is underdeveloped. Fruit a glabrous and fleshy capsule, suborbicular, highly compressed, with narrow wing, membranous and emarginate, green at first, then turning brown-purple; capsules emerge and mature at the bottom of the raceme, while the raceme is still flowering towards the top.","post_title":"Chamaebuxus balansae (Coss.) Stapf","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-coss","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 16:58:23","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 16:58:23","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/polygala-balansae-coss\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4729","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12615","trid":"114541","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12615"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"42820","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 11:01:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:01:25","post_content":"","post_title":"External sepals different, wings with unbranched veins forming a greenish central stripe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"external-sepals-different-wings-with-unbranched-veins-forming-a-greenish-central-stripe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:08:45","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:08:45","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42820","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34591","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42820","trid":"653644","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42820"},{"ID":"42812","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_content":"","post_title":"Non-spiny 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plant","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"spiny-plant","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:08:01","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:08:01","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42811","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34583","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42811","trid":"653636","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42811"},{"ID":"42821","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_content":"","post_title":"Subequal outer sepals, wings with highly visible branching nerves","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"subequal-outer-sepals-wings-with-highly-visible-branching-nerves","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:09:22","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:09:22","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42821","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34592","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42821","trid":"653645","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42821"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11495,"post_title":"Polygala L.","post_content":"Genus integrated in North Africa by 12 native taxa, most of them herbaceous, but with 3 taxa somewhat woody at the base.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nP. sinaica <\/strong>Botsch., spiny subshrub, deciduous, up to 0.5 m in height, velvety-pubescent. Racemes lax, terminal, with up to 10 flowers, calyx with membranous external sepals, with a wide green vein, white internal sepals (wings), elliptic, with dense brown-greenish venation. Stony deserts, dried watercourses (wadis), cracks in rocky outcrops in Sinai Peninsula, Negev, Palestine and Arabian Peninsula.\r\n\r\nP. aschersoniana <\/strong>Chodat, suffruticose plant with somewhat thick leaves with revolute margin, glabrous, linear-lanceolate and short racemes, with few flowers; sepals linear with highly visible green veins. A remarkable endemism to the mountainous areas of NE Libya (Cyrenaica), from the Akhdar Massif to Derna. This species\u2019 closest relatives are in Sicily, Sardinia and mountains in Greece and the Aegean Sea.\r\n\r\nP. rupestris <\/strong>Pourr. (incl. P. saxatilis <\/em>Desf.), very different from the two previous species<\/span><\/span><\/span> for being more herbaceous; leaves membranous, not coriaceous, not deciduous; outer sepals and wings persistent; upper petals larger than the keel and crest highly developed and fimbriate. This is a rare species, but widely distributed across the Mediterranean non-steppic area of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In addition to subsp. rupestris<\/strong>, a further 2 subspecies are recognised: subsp. font-queri <\/strong>Pau ex Font Quer, endemic to Morocco, and subsp. oxycoccoides<\/strong> (Desf.) Batt., a dwarf herbaceous plant with obovate and somewhat thick leaves, present in Algeria and Morocco.\r\n\r\nRelatively common and widespread species, they are not considered threatened, except maybe for P. aschersonia<\/em> that has a small distribution area. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. P. sinaica<\/em>\u00a0 has been recently listed as \u201cEndangered\u201d (El-Khalafy et al<\/em>. in Phytotaxa<\/em> 502(3): 237-258, 2021).","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 19:24:29","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 19:24:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/polygala-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11495}},"groups_keys":{"48034":{"ID":48034,"post_title":"Calyx persistent in the fruit","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2026-06-04 09:12:59","post_date_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:12:59","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"caliz-persistente-en-el-fruto","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:20:13","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:20:13","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/caliz-persistente-en-el-fruto\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":48034},"48032":{"ID":48032,"post_title":"Calyx deciduous in the fruit","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2026-06-04 09:14:07","post_date_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:14:07","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"caliz-caduco-en-el-fruto","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:21:13","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:21:13","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/caliz-caduco-en-el-fruto\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":48032}},"title_groups_keys":[],"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"38","ID":10848,"post_title":"POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link","post_content":"Family composed of about 30 genera and 1,200 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and more rarely, woody lianas, widespread throughout almost the entire world. In North Africa it is only represented by two genera, Polygala<\/strong> Tourn.<\/span><\/span> ex L. and Chamaebuxus<\/strong> Tourn.<\/span><\/span> Only C. balansae<\/strong> (Coss.) Stapf could be considered shrubby, but five more species with slightly woody bases can also be cited from this genus.<\/span><\/span><\/span>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 19:03:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 19:03:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10848}],"species":[{"short_name":"Chamaebuxus balansae","name_html":"Chamaebuxus balansae <\/strong>(Coss.) Stapf","short_description":"","common_names":"Polygala balansae <\/em>Coss., Polygaloides balansae <\/em>(Coss.) O. Schwarz","other_name":"Eng.<\/em>: Thorny milkwort.\u00a0\u00a0 Spa<\/em>.: Pol\u00edgala espinosa.\u00a0\u00a0 Fre<\/em>.: Polygale \u00e9pineuse.\u00a0\u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Tmeur el rhorab, igyi.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: N'lifa, tansil.","flowering":"March to June.","fruiting":"April to July; from April to June flowers and ripe fruits can be seen in the same raceme.","habitat":"Cleared forests, thickets and rocky outcrops in low and medium mountains (300-1,800 m). In semiarid to subhumid bioclimate, on inframediterranean and thermomediterranean floors.","distribution":"Southern Spain (Coast of Almu\u00f1\u00e9car, Granada) and SW Morocco. High Atlas, western Anti-Atlas (Num River, S of Ifni) and mountains of Sus, reaching from the NE in the Middle Atlas (near Uauizert) and from the SW to the mountains close to the lower Dr\u00e2a.","observations":"","conservation":"A uncommon species, but it is not considered threatened. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>.","genus":{"11495":{"short_name":"Polygala","name_html":"Polygala<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Paiva, J. 1988. Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis Heterosamara<\/em> Kuntze, a genere Polygala<\/em> L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica. Fontqueria<\/em> 50: 346 pp.\r\n\r\nPastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Van Den Berg, C., Mota, M.C.D.A., Cabral, A. & Whitten, W.M. 2019. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala<\/em> (Polygalaceae). Taxon<\/em> 68(4): 673-691.","custom_author":"A. Lahora.","family":{"ID":"10848","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_content":"Family composed of about 30 genera and 1,200 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and more rarely, woody lianas, widespread throughout almost the entire world. In North Africa it is only represented by two genera, Polygala<\/strong> Tourn.<\/span><\/span> ex L. and Chamaebuxus<\/strong> Tourn.<\/span><\/span> Only C. balansae<\/strong> (Coss.) Stapf could be considered shrubby, but five more species with slightly woody bases can also be cited from this genus.<\/span><\/span><\/span>","post_title":"POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 19:03:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 19:03:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"161","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10848","trid":"113964","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10848"},"species":[{"ID":"12615","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_content":"Spiny subshrub up to 0.8(1.5) m in height, \u00b1 erect, very ramose, with branching usually intricate. Trunk woody, branched from the base. Branches woody, rigid, glabrous, greenish-whitish or greenish-blueish, with rigid lateral and terminal spines, strong and sharp, pulverulent. Leaves small, oblong-linear, concave, coriaceous, glabrous, deciduous. Inflorescence in terminal and lateral racemes, with a spinescent axis, with up to 4 flowers, but frequently solitary or in pairs. Calyx with 5 caducous sepals: 3 outer sepals smaller than 2 inner ones which are petaloid (wings). Corolla intensely dark purple in colour; appears butterfly-shaped, with 3 petals, keel wide with yellow apex; upper petals smaller than the keel and fused to the base of staminal tube; crest, characteristic of the genus, is underdeveloped. Fruit a glabrous and fleshy capsule, suborbicular, highly compressed, with narrow wing, membranous and emarginate, green at first, then turning brown-purple; capsules emerge and mature at the bottom of the raceme, while the raceme is still flowering towards the top.","post_title":"Chamaebuxus balansae (Coss.) 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nerves","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"subequal-outer-sepals-wings-with-highly-visible-branching-nerves","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:09:22","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:09:22","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42821","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"34592","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"42821","trid":"653645","language_code":"en","source_language_code":null,"id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"42821"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11495,"post_title":"Polygala L.","post_content":"Genus integrated in North Africa by 12 native taxa, most of them herbaceous, but with 3 taxa somewhat woody at the base.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nP. sinaica <\/strong>Botsch., spiny subshrub, deciduous, up to 0.5 m in height, velvety-pubescent. Racemes lax, terminal, with up to 10 flowers, calyx with membranous external sepals, with a wide green vein, white internal sepals (wings), elliptic, with dense brown-greenish venation. Stony deserts, dried watercourses (wadis), cracks in rocky outcrops in Sinai Peninsula, Negev, Palestine and Arabian Peninsula.\r\n\r\nP. aschersoniana <\/strong>Chodat, suffruticose plant with somewhat thick leaves with revolute margin, glabrous, linear-lanceolate and short racemes, with few flowers; sepals linear with highly visible green veins. A remarkable endemism to the mountainous areas of NE Libya (Cyrenaica), from the Akhdar Massif to Derna. This species\u2019 closest relatives are in Sicily, Sardinia and mountains in Greece and the Aegean Sea.\r\n\r\nP. rupestris <\/strong>Pourr. (incl. P. saxatilis <\/em>Desf.), very different from the two previous species<\/span><\/span><\/span> for being more herbaceous; leaves membranous, not coriaceous, not deciduous; outer sepals and wings persistent; upper petals larger than the keel and crest highly developed and fimbriate. This is a rare species, but widely distributed across the Mediterranean non-steppic area of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In addition to subsp. rupestris<\/strong>, a further 2 subspecies are recognised: subsp. font-queri <\/strong>Pau ex Font Quer, endemic to Morocco, and subsp. oxycoccoides<\/strong> (Desf.) Batt., a dwarf herbaceous plant with obovate and somewhat thick leaves, present in Algeria and Morocco.\r\n\r\nRelatively common and widespread species, they are not considered threatened, except maybe for P. aschersonia<\/em> that has a small distribution area. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. P. sinaica<\/em>\u00a0 has been recently listed as \u201cEndangered\u201d (El-Khalafy et al<\/em>. in Phytotaxa<\/em> 502(3): 237-258, 2021).","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 19:24:29","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 19:24:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/polygala-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11495}},"images":[{"ID":"28068","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:01","post_content":"","post_title":"Chamaebuxus balansae. 1. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Chamaebuxus balansae. General aspect in bloom. 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Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Chamaebuxus balansae. Twig with flowers and immature fruits (capsules). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 17:09:42","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 17:09:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12615","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Polygala-balansae.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19960","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28070","trid":"119122","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28070"},{"ID":"28072","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:05","post_content":"","post_title":"Chamaebuxus balansae. 3. 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Jos\u00e9 Quiles.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-3-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-10 18:01:31","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-10 18:01:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12615","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Polygala-balansae.-3.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19962","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28072","trid":"119123","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28072"},{"ID":"28074","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Chamaebuxus balansae. 4 Jean-Claude Thiaudi\u00e8re. Teline","post_excerpt":"Chamaebuxus balansae. Flowers detail. Jean-Claude Thiaudi\u00e8re. 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Jose Quiles","post_excerpt":"Chamaebuxus balansae. Flower detail. 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Jos\u00e9 Quiles.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-6-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 17:08:03","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 17:08:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12615","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Polygala-balansae.-6.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19968","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28078","trid":"119126","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28078"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -4.468688999999927,33.77229830000005\",\" -4.757080099999939,33.88409740000003\",\" -5.199279799999943,33.57114970000004\",\" -5.570068399999968,33.22030780000006\",\" -5.987548799999956,32.64862580000005\",\" -6.31713869999993,32.35212280000008\",\" -6.638689599999964,32.22702900000007\",\" -6.877441399999952,32.22209580000003\",\" -7.039607199999978,32.07550950000007\",\" -7.072448699999939,31.80522680000007\",\" -7.660217299999943,31.54108990000003\",\" -7.807825199999968,31.37612180000008\",\" -8.091430699999933,31.24803010000005\",\" -8.981323199999963,31.21045240000007\",\" -9.285712399999966,31.36239160000002\",\" -9.528893899999957,31.43083180000008\",\" -9.690455899999961,31.43802790000007\",\" -9.813537599999961,31.41225630000002\",\" -9.788818399999968,30.83621460000006\",\" -9.898681599999975,30.67571540000006\",\" -9.591064499999959,30.48655080000003\",\" -9.629516599999931,30.21160820000006\",\" -9.764759999999967,29.87122040000003\",\" -10.03051759999994,29.55434510000004\",\" -10.42602539999996,29.13297010000002\",\" -10.42877199999998,29.09937700000006\",\" -10.32974909999996,28.97932270000007\",\" -9.989318899999944,28.92643920000006\",\" -9.662475499999971,28.95768550000003\",\" -9.244995099999926,29.14736390000007\",\" -8.734130899999968,29.57345710000004\",\" -7.701415999999938,30.09761330000004\",\" -7.426757799999962,30.60009390000005\",\" -7.02026369999993,31.08116550000005\",\" -6.350097699999935,31.38177880000006\",\" -5.998535199999935,31.48489340000003\",\" -5.681730899999934,31.61245750000006\",\" -5.56732169999998,31.85189840000004\",\" -5.482252899999935,32.08435460000004\",\" -5.501371199999937,32.35868500000004\",\" -5.657958999999948,32.47269500000004\",\" -5.570470499999942,32.60120250000006\",\" -5.245971599999962,32.82190300000008\",\" -4.419250499999976,33.42227230000003\",\" -4.468688999999927,33.77229830000005\"]","zone_2":"","zone_3":"","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":12615,"post_title":"Chamaebuxus balansae (Coss.) Stapf","post_content":"Spiny subshrub up to 0.8(1.5) m in height, \u00b1 erect, very ramose, with branching usually intricate. Trunk woody, branched from the base. Branches woody, rigid, glabrous, greenish-whitish or greenish-blueish, with rigid lateral and terminal spines, strong and sharp, pulverulent. Leaves small, oblong-linear, concave, coriaceous, glabrous, deciduous. Inflorescence in terminal and lateral racemes, with a spinescent axis, with up to 4 flowers, but frequently solitary or in pairs. Calyx with 5 caducous sepals: 3 outer sepals smaller than 2 inner ones which are petaloid (wings). Corolla intensely dark purple in colour; appears butterfly-shaped, with 3 petals, keel wide with yellow apex; upper petals smaller than the keel and fused to the base of staminal tube; crest, characteristic of the genus, is underdeveloped. Fruit a glabrous and fleshy capsule, suborbicular, highly compressed, with narrow wing, membranous and emarginate, green at first, then turning brown-purple; capsules emerge and mature at the bottom of the raceme, while the raceme is still flowering towards the top.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-coss","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-03 16:58:23","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-03 16:58:23","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/polygala-balansae-coss\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":12615}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":42820,"post_title":"External sepals different, wings with unbranched veins forming a greenish central stripe","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 11:01:25","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:01:25","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"external-sepals-different-wings-with-unbranched-veins-forming-a-greenish-central-stripe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:08:45","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:08:45","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42820","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":42820},{"ID":42812,"post_title":"Non-spiny plant","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"non-spiny-plant","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 08:40:59","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 08:40:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42812","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":42812},{"ID":42811,"post_title":"Spiny plant","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:54:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:54:21","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"spiny-plant","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:08:01","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:08:01","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42811","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":42811},{"ID":42821,"post_title":"Subequal outer sepals, wings with highly visible branching nerves","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"subequal-outer-sepals-wings-with-highly-visible-branching-nerves","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-06-04 09:09:22","post_modified_gmt":"2026-06-04 09:09:22","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&p=42821","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":42821}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"yoast_head":"\nPolygala L. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Polygala L. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genus integrated in North Africa by 12 native taxa, most of them herbaceous, but with 3 taxa somewhat woody at the base. P. sinaica Botsch., spiny subshrub, deciduous, up to 0.5 m in height, velvety-pubescent. 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