{"id":11486,"date":"2020-11-10T09:01:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T09:01:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/castanea-mill-2\/"},"modified":"2021-09-17T17:52:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T17:52:36","slug":"castanea-mill-2","status":"publish","type":"genus","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/castanea-mill-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Castanea Mill."},"content":{"rendered":"

Genus represented by 9 species, distributed across temperate regions of the Holarctic. In North Africa there is a single species, C. sativa<\/strong><\/a>, a tree that is certainly a native species of the most humid mountains of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, although its spontaneity in the region had been in question.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","short_name":"Castanea","name_html":"Castanea<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","references":"Camus, A.A. 1929. Les Ch\u00e2taigniers,<\/em> monographie des genres <\/em>Castanea et <\/em>Castanopsis. Par\u00eds. 1 Vol. de texte et 1 Vol. d'Atlas.\r\n\r\nKrebs P, Conedera M, Pradella M, Torrani D, Felber M, Tinner W. 2004. Quaternary refugia of the sweet chesnut (Castanea sativa Mill.): an extended palynological approach<\/em>. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 13, 145-160.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":[{"name_html":"FAGACEAE <\/strong>Dum.","short_name":"FAGACEAE","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","genuses":{"11486":{"short_name":"Castanea","name_html":"Castanea<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","references":"Camus, A.A. 1929. Les Ch\u00e2taigniers,<\/em> monographie des genres <\/em>Castanea et <\/em>Castanopsis. Par\u00eds. 1 Vol. de texte et 1 Vol. d'Atlas.\r\n\r\nKrebs P, Conedera M, Pradella M, Torrani D, Felber M, Tinner W. 2004. Quaternary refugia of the sweet chesnut (Castanea sativa Mill.): an extended palynological approach<\/em>. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 13, 145-160.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10854","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content":"

Family composed of 9 genera and about 1,100 species of trees and shrubs, distributed mainly across temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 2 genera of great ecological and economic value. The forests formed by some of these species play a vital role in the creation and stabilisation of soils and humidity, which is key against both the erosion and desertification that greatly affect this region. <\/p>","post_title":"FAGACEAE Dum.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"fagaceae-dum","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/fagaceae-dum\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"167","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10854","trid":"113966","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10854"},"species":[{"ID":"12624","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_content":"Deciduous tree, monoecious, up to 20-30 m in height, rounded in shape. Trunk straight, that can reach 1 m or even wider in diameter, especially in cultivated specimens, with a shorter and thicker trunk. Bark greyish-brown, very dark and longitudinally fissured in older specimens. Young branches and trunks with greenish bark, almost smooth. Branchlets of the current year green-reddish. Leaves opposite, large (10-25 \u00d7 4-8 cm), lanceolate, with coarsely serrated edge, somewhat coriaceous, dark green on the upper side and slightly lighter on the underside. Flowers grouped into long spikes, borne on the leaf axils. Male flowers borne almost throughout the entire spike, forming clusters borne on the axil of an ovate bract. Female flowers, usually 3 at the base of the spike, grouped on a common involucre, ovoid, 4 cm in diameter in cultivated trees, and much smaller in the wild. Fruit or achene is the chestnut. Seed with a hardened crust, reddish-brown, shiny and glabrous outside and whitish-velvety inside. Chestnuts are grouped 1-3 inside a capsule with bristling long spines, which opens into 2-4 valves.","post_title":"Castanea sativa Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-mill","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/castanea-sativa-mill\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4738","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12624","trid":"114544","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12624"}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11486,"post_title":"Castanea Mill.","post_content":"Genus represented by 9 species, distributed across temperate regions of the Holarctic. In North Africa there is a single species, C. sativa<\/strong><\/a>, a tree that is certainly a native species of the most humid mountains of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, although its spontaneity in the region had been in question.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-mill-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 17:52:36","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 17:52:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/castanea-mill-2\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11486},"11483":{"short_name":"Quercus","name_html":"Quercus<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Camus, A. 1935-39. Les Ch\u00eanes. Monographie du genre <\/em>Quercus. 2 Vol. de texte et 2 Vol. d'Atlas. Par\u00eds.\r\n\r\nDahmani, M. 1997. Le ch\u00eane vert en Alg\u00e9rie, syntaxonomie, phytoecologie et dynamique des peuplements<\/em>. PhD Thesis. University of Science and Technology, Algiers, 383 p.\r\n\r\nGalan de Mera et al<\/em>., 2011, Quercus<\/em>, in Blanca et al<\/em>., Flora Vascular de Andaluc\u00eda Oriental.\r\n\r\nLe Floc\u00b4h, E., Boulos, L., V\u00e9la, E. & Ghrabi-Gammar, Z.; Daouod-Bouattour, A., Ben Saad-Liman, S., Martin, R.D., Muller, S., Reduron, J.P., & Tison, J.M. (col.) 2010.- Catalogue synonymique comment\u00e9 de la Flore de Tunisie. <\/em>R\u00e9publique tunisienne; Minist\u00e8re de l\u00b4Environnement et du D\u00e9veloppement Durable, Banque Nationale de G\u00e8nes (Eds.). 504 p. Tunis, \u00e9dition 2.\r\n\r\nSchwarz, O. 1936-37. Monographie der Eichen Europas und des Mittelmeergebietes<\/em>, in Repert. spec. nov. Regni veget., Sonderbehieft D: 1-400. Berl\u00edn.\r\n\r\nZine el Abidine A. & Fennane, M. 1995. Essai de taxonomie num\u00e9rique sur le ch\u00eane z\u00e8ne (Quercus faginea<\/em> Lam.) au Maroc. Lagascalia<\/em> 18(1): 39-54.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10854","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content":"

Family composed of 9 genera and about 1,100 species of trees and shrubs, distributed mainly across temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 2 genera of great ecological and economic value. The forests formed by some of these species play a vital role in the creation and stabilisation of soils and humidity, which is key against both the erosion and desertification that greatly affect this region. <\/p>","post_title":"FAGACEAE Dum.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"fagaceae-dum","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/fagaceae-dum\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"167","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10854","trid":"113966","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10854"},"species":[{"ID":"12636","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_content":"Deciduous tree, monoecious, up to 25(30) m in height, pyramidal in overall appearance and trunk up to 1 m in diameter, red-brown bark fissured longitudinally. Branches generally extended at first, then upright. Branchlets brown-blackish, tomentose when younger. Leaves (5-19 cm \u00d7 1.4-9), alternate, deciduous, \u00b1 oval-lanceolate, with serrated margin, leaves similar to the chestnut, \u00b1 coriaceous, dark green and bright on the upper side and finely tomentose-whitish on the underside, with tomentose petiole 0.5-2 cm. Male flowers in orange and pendant catkins, 5-7 cm, numerous. Female inflorescences on short spikes, erect, with 7-9 flowers. Fruit (the acorn) an ovoid achene, in groups of 2-5 on a peduncle thicker than the adjacent branchlets, with chestnut-reddish nut and cupule covered by oval or oblong scales, tomentose, very elongated (up to 12 mm ), imbricated, lower scales only oppressed, the other scales \u00b1 upright, protruding significantly above the edge of the cupule.","post_title":"Quercus afares Pomel","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-afares-pomel","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 09:18:42","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 09:18:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-afares-pomel\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4750","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12636","trid":"114548","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12636"},{"ID":"12642","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_content":"Marcescent tree, monoecious, up to 30 m in height, longly ovate in appearance or \u00b1 rounded, regular in shape. Trunk \u00b1 straight, up to 1.5 m in diameter, with greyish-brown bark, with deep longitudinal and transverse fissures in older trunks. Branches extended-erect. Young branchlets brown, covered with felted hairs at first and turning glabrescent later on as the hairs disappear later on,. Leaves (5-20 \u00d7 2.5-11 cm), alternate, marcescent, slightly coriaceous, ovate, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, with thick subacute teeth along the margin; when young tomentose on both sides, with dense indumentum of stellate hairs that falls off tangled; adult leaves green, \u00b1 dark on the upper side, glabrescent, lighter and glaucous on the underside, totally glabrous except for some remaining hairs along the major veins. Petiole 8-30 mm, glabrescent. Male flowers numerous, in yellow-green catkins, pendant (4-8 cm). Female flowers solitary in short spikes, upright. Fruit (the corn) a longly ovoid achene (2-3 \u00d7 1.2-1.8 cm), with chestnut-yellow nut and cupule with ovate-triangular scales, tomentose, imbricated: lower scales applied and somewhat gibbous; upper scales with \u00b1 free apices.","post_title":"Quercus canariensis Willd.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-canariensis-willd","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 08:51:27","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 08:51:27","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-canariensis-willd\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4756","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12642","trid":"114550","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12642"},{"ID":"12627","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_content":"Evergreen shrub or tree, monoecious. Frequently shrubby and highly branched from the base, tangled, reaching up to 20 m in height as a tree. Trunk with ashen and smooth bark, brown-blackish and slightly fissured in older tree specimens. Shape of the tree is similar to that of Quercus rotundifolia<\/em>, with which it has sometimes been confused. Leaves [1.5-6 (13) \u00d7 0.8-3.5(7) cm], alternate, perennial, coriaceous, oblong to elliptic or obovate, usually dentate-spiny, but not prickly or even without teeth, with entire margin in good soil, shade and moisture conditions, deep green, bright, \u00b1 the same on both sides, almost concolourous, when adult glabrous or slightly glabrescent, pubescent on the underside. Male flowers minute, arranged in catkins about 5 cm long, yellowish. Female flowers borne singly or grouped in 2-3 on the leaf axils. Fruit (the acorn) an elongated-ovoid achene, with a dark chestnut-brown nut, surrounded at the base by a cupule covered in tiny scales, imbricated, ovate-lanceolate, applied on the base and protruding, rigid and prickly on the upper and middle parts.","post_title":"Quercus coccifera L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-coccifera-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 09:56:25","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 09:56:25","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-coccifera-l\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4741","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12627","trid":"114545","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12627"},{"ID":"12645","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:08","post_content":"Marcescent tree, monoecious, up to 20-30 m in height, with ovate-elongated or rounded crown. Trunk \u00b1 straight, up to 2 m in diameter, with brown-grey bark, with longitudinal fissures when old. Branches extended-erect. Branchlets densely covered with stellate hairs during the first year and \u00b1 glabrescent later. Leaves highly variable in size and hairiness, (2)3-11(15) \u00d7 1.2-6 (9) cm, alternate, slightly coriaceous, form oblong to obovate, with crenate margin, \u00b1 undulate, sinuate-dentate or lobulate. Young leaves covered with stellate hairs on both sides, turning green and glabrescent on the upper side and pale green with a whitish tomentum of stellate hairs on the underside. Petiole tomentose or glabrescent (5-20 mm). Male flowers in yellow catkins, pendant (2-7.5 cm). Female flowers generally grouped into short spikes (2-4 cm). Fruit (the acorn) an ovoid achene (1.5-3.5 \u00d7 1.2 cm), with chestnut-yellowish nut and cupule covered with ovate-triangular scales, imbricated, \u00b1 tomentose and applied, lower scales slightly gibbous.","post_title":"Quercus faginea Lam.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-faginea-lam","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-04-12 09:33:26","post_modified_gmt":"2026-04-12 09:33:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-faginea-lam\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4759","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12645","trid":"114551","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12645"},{"ID":"12648","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:08","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:08","post_content":"Marcescent shrub, monoecious, that can reach up to 3 m in height, but rarely reaches above 1 m. Very ramose from the base, with bark \u00b1 smooth, ashen-whitish. Branchlets chestnut-yellowish, usually covered with a longly persistent tomentum; becoming glabrescent later. Leaves [2.5-6 (12) \u00d7 1.2-3.5(5) cm], alternate, marcescent, coriaceous, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, with entire margin roughly towards the base, and sinuate-dentate or lobulate \u00b1 from the middle to the apex. Young leaves tomentose on both sides; turning \u00b1 dark green when adult, lustrous and glabrous on the upper side and \u00b1 ashen and tomentose on the underside. Petiole tomentose (1-5 mm). Male flowers numerous, in greenish-yellow catkins, pendant (3-5 cm). Female flowers grouped in 2-5 into erect spikes. Fruit (the acorn) an ovoid achene (10-16 \u00d7 8-12 mm), chestnut in colour, with cupule composed of ovate-triangular scales, imbricated and \u00b1 applied, tomentose, lower scales \u00b1 gibbous.","post_title":"Quercus lusitanica Lam.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-lusitanica-lam","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 09:10:09","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 09:10:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-lusitanica-lam\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4762","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12648","trid":"114552","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12648"},{"ID":"12639","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_content":"Deciduous tree, monoecious, reaching up to 25 m in height, irregular in appearance, with a \u00b1 straight trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter. Bark ashen or greyish-brown, fissured longitudinally. Branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves (6-20 \u00d7 4-12 cm), alternate, ovate or obovate, deeply lobulate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, slightly or not at all coriaceous, velvety-whitish, with stellate hairs on both sides when young \u2014turning matt green\u2014, glabrescent on the upper side and densely tomentose on the underside, with petiole tomentose to glabrescent (about 5-25 mm). Male flowers numerous in yellow catkins, pendant (3-10 cm). Female flowers grouped in short spikes, upright, with 2-8 flowers. Fruit (the acorn) an elongated-ovoid achene (1.5-4.5 \u00d7 1-2.5 cm), with chestnut-coloured nut. Cupule with imbricated scales, villous, lower scales ovate and applied, upper scales linear-triangular and \u00b1 free.","post_title":"Quercus pyrenaica Willd.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-pyrenaica-willd","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-04-15 09:18:06","post_modified_gmt":"2026-04-15 09:18:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-pyrenaica-willd\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4753","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12639","trid":"114549","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12639"},{"ID":"12630","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, robust, up to 25 m in height and even taller, but usually not exceeding 20 m, with rounded or ovoid shape. Trunk straight or somewhat tortuous, up to 2 m in diameter, with hard bark, brown-ashen, fissured. Branches erect in dense forests; extended and horizontal in cleared areas. Branchlets densely white-tomentose. Leaves [2-8(12) \u00d7 1-4(6) cm)], alternate, evergreen, highly variable in shape and margin \u2014orbicular to oblong-lanceolate with \u00b1 serrated margin, sometimes entire\u2014, coriaceous, dark green \u00b1 bright on the upper side and whitish-tomentose on the underside, with tomentose petiole 1-10 mm. Male flowers in yellow and pendant catkins, 2.5-8 cm, very numerous. Female flowers solitary or grouped in 2-7, upright on the leaf axils. Fruit (the acorn) an ovoid to longly ellipsoid achene, 15-35(40) \u00d7 8-18 mm, with chestnut-black nut and cupule with ovate or ovate-oblong scales, imbricate and\u00b1 applied.","post_title":"Quercus rotundifolia Lam.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-rotundifolia-lam","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:00:34","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:00:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-rotundifolia-lam\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4744","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12630","trid":"114546","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12630"},{"ID":"12633","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:07","post_content":"Evergreen tree, monoecious, up to 20(25) m in height, ovoid-rounded in overall appearance. Trunk straight or somewhat tortuous in rocky terrain. Bark suberose, very thick (up to 25 cm), with deep longitudinal fissures, by which this tree is easily differentiated from Q. rotundifolia<\/em>. This bark or cork is harnessed by humans, extracting it every 8-12 years, then leaving the tree with a distinctive appearance, with branches covered by thick bark and bare and reddish trunks, which then become blackish-brown to greyish as the tree grows the new bark. Branches tortuous, upright or extended. Branchlets whitish-tomentose. Leaves [2.5-7(10) \u00d7 1.2-4.5(6.5) cm], alternate, perennial, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, coriaceous, usually with few barely noticeable teeth, sometimes entire, dark green and bright on the upper side and whitish-tomentose on the underside, with tomentose petiole 6-20 mm. Male flowers in yellow and pendant catkin 4-8 cm, very numerous. Female flowers solitary or grouped in 2-5 on the axil of a linear bract. Fruit (the acorn) ovoid (20-45 \u00d7 10-18 mm), with chestnut-blackish nut and cupule with short lower scales, ovate-triangular, imbricate and \u00b1 applied, and upper scales longer, with recurved, not applied tip.","post_title":"Quercus suber L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-suber-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 09:14:11","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 09:14:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/quercus-suber-l\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4747","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12633","trid":"114547","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12633"}],"groups_keys":[{"ID":"23755","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_content":"","post_title":"Trees and shrubs evergreen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"trees-and-shrubs-evergreen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/trees-and-shrubs-evergreen\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"2558","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"23755","trid":"117135","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"23755"},{"ID":"23758","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_content":"","post_title":"Trees deciduous or marcescent","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"trees-deciduous-or-marcescent","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:27","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/trees-deciduous-or-marcescent\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"2561","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"23758","trid":"117136","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"23758"},{"ID":"23761","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_content":"","post_title":"Adult leaves dark green and glabrous on the upper side, densely tomentose and lighter (even whitish) on the underside. Cupule not prickly","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"adult-leaves-dark-green-and-glabrous-on-the-upper-side-densely-tomentose-and-lighter-even-whitish-on-the-underside-cupule-not-prickly","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/adult-leaves-dark-green-and-glabrous-on-the-upper-side-densely-tomentose-and-lighter-even-whitish-on-the-underside-cupule-not-prickly\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"2564","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"23761","trid":"117137","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"23761"},{"ID":"23764","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves oblong or oval, \u00b1 lobulate, rarely dentate","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-oblong-or-oval-%c2%b1-lobulate-rarely-dentate","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/leaves-oblong-or-oval-%c2%b1-lobulate-rarely-dentate\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"2567","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"23764","trid":"117138","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"23764"},{"ID":"23767","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves only with small lobes at the margin, marcescent","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-only-with-small-lobes-at-the-margin-marcescent","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/leaves-only-with-small-lobes-at-the-margin-marcescent\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"2570","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"23767","trid":"117139","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"23767"},{"ID":"23770","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves smaller (generally less than 10 \u00d7 5 cm), with whitish hairs very short and persistent on the underside. Sometimes glabrescent","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-smaller-generally-less-than-10-x-5-cm-with-whitish-hairs-very-short-and-persistent-on-the-underside-sometimes-glabrescent","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-07 10:49:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/leaves-smaller-generally-less-than-10-x-5-cm-with-whitish-hairs-very-short-and-persistent-on-the-underside-sometimes-glabrescent\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"2573","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"23770","trid":"117140","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"23770"},{"ID":"35519","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, regularly dentate, that resemble those of Castanea sativa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-oblong-lanceolate-or-lanceolate-regularly-dentate-that-resemble-those-of-castanea-sativa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/leaves-oblong-lanceolate-or-lanceolate-regularly-dentate-that-resemble-those-of-castanea-sativa\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28501","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35519","trid":"185138","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35519"},{"ID":"35522","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves large (up to 20 \u00d7 11 cm), with dense indumentum when young whitish-yellowish on the underside, consisting of long stellate hairs that, when they detach, they entangle forming little balls","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-large-up-to-20-x-11-cm-with-dense-indumentum-when-young-whitish-yellowish-on-the-underside-consisting-of-long-stellate-hairs-that-when-they-detach-they-entangle-forming-little-balls","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/leaves-large-up-to-20-x-11-cm-with-dense-indumentum-when-young-whitish-yellowish-on-the-underside-consisting-of-long-stellate-hairs-that-when-they-detach-they-entangle-forming-little-balls\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28505","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35522","trid":"185140","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35522"},{"ID":"35525","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:39","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:39","post_content":"","post_title":"Adult leaves light green and glabrous on both sides, rarely somewhat hairy on the underside. Cupule with erect, stiff, prickly scales","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"adult-leaves-light-green-and-glabrous-on-both-sides-rarely-somewhat-hairy-on-the-underside-cupule-with-erect-stiff-prickly-scales","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/adult-leaves-light-green-and-glabrous-on-both-sides-rarely-somewhat-hairy-on-the-underside-cupule-with-erect-stiff-prickly-scales\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28509","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35525","trid":"185142","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35525"},{"ID":"35528","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:40","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:40","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves smaller (generally less than 10 \u00d7 5 cm), with whitish hairs very short and persistent on the underside. Sometimes glabrescent","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-smaller-generally-less-than-10-x-5-cm-with-whitish-hairs-very-short-and-persistent-on-the-underside-sometimes-glabrescent","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:40","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/leaves-smaller-generally-less-than-10-x-5-cm-with-whitish-hairs-very-short-and-persistent-on-the-underside-sometimes-glabrescent\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28513","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35528","trid":"185144","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35528"},{"ID":"35531","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:41","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:41","post_content":"","post_title":"Shrublet generally less than 1.5 m in height, with subsessile leaves (petiole 1-4 mm)","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"shrublet-generally-less-than-1-5-m-in-height-with-subsessile-leaves-petiole-1-4-mm","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:41","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/shrublet-generally-less-than-1-5-m-in-height-with-subsessile-leaves-petiole-1-4-mm\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28517","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35531","trid":"185146","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35531"},{"ID":"35534","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:42","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:42","post_content":"","post_title":"Leaves deeply lobulate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, deciduous","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-deeply-lobulate-pinnatifid-or-pinnatipartite-deciduous","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:42","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/leaves-deeply-lobulate-pinnatifid-or-pinnatipartite-deciduous\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28521","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35534","trid":"185148","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35534"},{"ID":"35537","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:44","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:44","post_content":"","post_title":"Bark not suberose. Cupule with short and applied scales","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bark-not-suberose-cupule-with-short-and-applied-scales","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:44","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bark-not-suberose-cupule-with-short-and-applied-scales\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28525","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35537","trid":"185150","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35537"},{"ID":"35540","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 14:24:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:45","post_content":"","post_title":"Bark suberose on stem and branches. Cupule with long and free scales, at least on its upper half","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bark-suberose-on-stem-and-branches-cupule-with-long-and-free-scales-at-least-on-its-upper-half","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 14:24:45","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 14:24:45","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus-group-key\/bark-suberose-on-stem-and-branches-cupule-with-long-and-free-scales-at-least-on-its-upper-half\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"28529","element_type":"post_genus_group_key","element_id":"35540","trid":"185152","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"35540"}],"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11483,"post_title":"Quercus L.","post_content":"

Genus composed of about 600 species, mainly across the Northern Hemisphere but also with some species in South America and SE Asia. In North Africa there are 8 species, unevenly distributed almost throughout the entire Mediterranean area.
<\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quercus-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/quercus-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11483}},"groups_keys":{"32283":{"ID":32283,"post_title":"Large trees, deciduous. Leaves lanceolate. Male catkins erect. Fruits covered by a spherical shell of bristling long spines","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:41:57","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:41:57","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"large-trees-deciduous-leaves-lanceolate-male-catkins-erect-fruits-covered-by-a-spherical-shell-of-bristling-long-spines","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:41:57","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:41:57","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/large-trees-deciduous-leaves-lanceolate-male-catkins-erect-fruits-covered-by-a-spherical-shell-of-bristling-long-spines\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":32283},"32286":{"ID":32286,"post_title":"Trees and shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves elliptic, obovate or suborbicular, rarely lanceolate. Male catkins pendant. Fruit only covered at the base by a dome, scaly or with non-spiny fringe","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-02-23 13:41:58","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:41:58","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"trees-and-shrubs-evergreen-or-deciduous-leaves-elliptic-obovate-or-suborbicular-rarely-lanceolate-male-catkins-pendant-fruit-only-covered-at-the-base-by-a-dome-scaly-or-with-non-spiny-fringe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-23 13:41:58","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-23 13:41:58","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family-group-key\/trees-and-shrubs-evergreen-or-deciduous-leaves-elliptic-obovate-or-suborbicular-rarely-lanceolate-male-catkins-pendant-fruit-only-covered-at-the-base-by-a-dome-scaly-or-with-non-spiny-fringe\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":32286}},"title_groups_keys":[],"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"40","ID":10854,"post_title":"FAGACEAE Dum.","post_content":"

Family composed of 9 genera and about 1,100 species of trees and shrubs, distributed mainly across temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 2 genera of great ecological and economic value. The forests formed by some of these species play a vital role in the creation and stabilisation of soils and humidity, which is key against both the erosion and desertification that greatly affect this region. <\/p>","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"fagaceae-dum","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/fagaceae-dum\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10854}],"species":[{"short_name":"Castanea sativa","name_html":"Castanea sativa<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","common_names":"C. vulgaris<\/em> Lam., nom illeg., C. vesca<\/em> Gaertner, nom illeg.","other_name":"Eng.<\/em>: Sweet chestnut.\u00a0\u00a0 Spa<\/em>.: Casta\u00f1o com\u00fan.\u00a0\u00a0 Fre<\/em>.: Ch\u00e2taignier.\u00a0\u00a0 Ara<\/em>.: Bellut el malek, qasthal, questtla, costal.\u00a0\u00a0 Tam<\/em>.: Anelatt, tlaseft, legestel.","flowering":"May to June.","fruiting":"September to November.","habitat":"Forests and riverbanks on siliceous soils, in subhumid to hyperhumid bioclimate, on thermomediterranean to supramediterranean floors.","distribution":"Mediterranean region. Widely cultivated since ancient times, in many cases it is nowadays very difficult to establish which trees are spontaneous, subspontaneous or cultivated. Wild trees give very small fruits, but because they are well adapted to the terrain they are used as rootstocks for more productive cultivated forms (this is also done with Olea europaea<\/em> var. sylvestris <\/em>to obtain good olive trees). Fossil pollen samples found in the Iberian Peninsula rectify the hypothesis that the species is native to the western Mediterranean countries. Currently the chestnut is considered indigenous to northern Morocco, at least in the Rif (Jebel Mahfoura and Laou River), in NE Algeria (in the typical localities of eastern Kabylia, such as the Edough Massif) and in NW Tunisia, A\u00efn Draham (Krumiria) where wild chestnuts grow among oak forests of Quercus canariensis<\/em>.","observations":"","conservation":"A common and widely distributed species, not considered threatened. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. However, in North Africa it is a rare and highly localised species. In Morocco it is included in its List of native species that need authorization for commercial use (Law 29-2005 and Decree 2-12-484 of 21-May-2015). In Tunisia it is included in its List of native species that are rare and threatened with extinction (Order of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, 19-July-2006).","genus":{"11486":{"short_name":"Castanea","name_html":"Castanea<\/strong> Mill.","short_description":"","references":"Camus, A.A. 1929. Les Ch\u00e2taigniers,<\/em> monographie des genres <\/em>Castanea et <\/em>Castanopsis. Par\u00eds. 1 Vol. de texte et 1 Vol. d'Atlas.\r\n\r\nKrebs P, Conedera M, Pradella M, Torrani D, Felber M, Tinner W. 2004. Quaternary refugia of the sweet chesnut (Castanea sativa Mill.): an extended palynological approach<\/em>. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 13, 145-160.","custom_author":"G. Ben\u00edtez, J. Molero Mesa & J. Charco.","family":{"ID":"10854","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content":"

Family composed of 9 genera and about 1,100 species of trees and shrubs, distributed mainly across temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In North Africa it is represented by 2 genera of great ecological and economic value. The forests formed by some of these species play a vital role in the creation and stabilisation of soils and humidity, which is key against both the erosion and desertification that greatly affect this region. <\/p>","post_title":"FAGACEAE Dum.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"fagaceae-dum","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/fagaceae-dum\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"167","element_type":"post_family","element_id":"10854","trid":"113966","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"10854"},"species":[{"ID":"12624","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_content":"Deciduous tree, monoecious, up to 20-30 m in height, rounded in shape. Trunk straight, that can reach 1 m or even wider in diameter, especially in cultivated specimens, with a shorter and thicker trunk. Bark greyish-brown, very dark and longitudinally fissured in older specimens. Young branches and trunks with greenish bark, almost smooth. Branchlets of the current year green-reddish. Leaves opposite, large (10-25 \u00d7 4-8 cm), lanceolate, with coarsely serrated edge, somewhat coriaceous, dark green on the upper side and slightly lighter on the underside. Flowers grouped into long spikes, borne on the leaf axils. Male flowers borne almost throughout the entire spike, forming clusters borne on the axil of an ovate bract. Female flowers, usually 3 at the base of the spike, grouped on a common involucre, ovoid, 4 cm in diameter in cultivated trees, and much smaller in the wild. Fruit or achene is the chestnut. Seed with a hardened crust, reddish-brown, shiny and glabrous outside and whitish-velvety inside. Chestnuts are grouped 1-3 inside a capsule with bristling long spines, which opens into 2-4 valves.","post_title":"Castanea sativa Mill.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-mill","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/castanea-sativa-mill\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"4738","element_type":"post_species","element_id":"12624","trid":"114544","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"12624"}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"ID":11486,"post_title":"Castanea Mill.","post_content":"Genus represented by 9 species, distributed across temperate regions of the Holarctic. In North Africa there is a single species, C. sativa<\/strong><\/a>, a tree that is certainly a native species of the most humid mountains of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, although its spontaneity in the region had been in question.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:42","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-mill-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-17 17:52:36","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-17 17:52:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/castanea-mill-2\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11486}},"images":[{"ID":"26452","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 1. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Leaves and inflorescences (spikes with female flowers at the base and the rest all male). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-1-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12624","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-1.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18342","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26452","trid":"118313","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26452"},{"ID":"26454","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 2. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Twigs with inflorescences (spikes) with male flowers. Jos\u00e9 Quiles.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-2-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12624","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-2.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18344","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26454","trid":"118314","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26454"},{"ID":"26456","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 3. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Inflorescence detail (spike) with male flowers. Jos\u00e9 Quiles.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-3-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12624","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-3.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18346","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26456","trid":"118315","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26456"},{"ID":"26458","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:07","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 4. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Leaves and fruiting capsules. Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-4-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12624","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-4.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18348","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26458","trid":"118316","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26458"},{"ID":"26460","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:20:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:20:08","post_content":"","post_title":"Castanea sativa. 5. Joaqu\u00edn Molero","post_excerpt":"Castanea sativa. Leaves and fruitful capsules, the upper one open, showing the ripe fruit (achene), and the lower one completely open with the fruit fallen. Joaqu\u00edn Molero.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-5-joaquin-molero-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12624","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Castanea-sativa.-5.-Joaquin-Molero.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"18350","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"26460","trid":"118317","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"26460"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -5.3318023,35.5358582\",\" -5.3105067,35.4957483\",\" -5.2940369,35.4539583\",\" -5.2851068,35.394637\",\" -5.2693176,35.362736\",\" -5.2274322,35.3448153\",\" -5.1862335,35.3224087\",\" -5.105896,35.3044789\",\" -5.0434113,35.3022374\",\" -5.020756,35.3266076\",\" -5.0083923,35.3464955\",\" -5.0873566,35.4036029\",\" -5.1769638,35.490586\",\" -5.2470017,35.536417\",\" -5.2720642,35.5612778\",\" -5.3063982,35.5542947\",\" -5.3318023,35.5358582\",\" \"]","zone_2":"[\" 7.104034399999999,36.9048817\",\" 6.9393685,36.8750083\",\" 6.824733300000001,36.9350665\",\" 6.6082764,36.9663522\",\" 6.5318228,37.0611819\",\" 6.389285499999999,37.0813732\",\" 6.271517,37.0301403\",\" 6.2621717,36.9331744\",\" 6.137601899999999,36.8800735\",\" 5.8468728,36.7227173\",\" 5.8136819,36.6906923\",\" 5.792869600000001,36.6487462\",\" 5.848357799999999,36.6114821\",\" 5.972153799999999,36.5783824\",\" 6.2223816,36.578041\",\" 7.5050354,36.4997014\",\" 7.7879333,36.4842448\",\" 7.958221400000001,36.4831406\",\" 8.2287597,36.4919734\",\" 8.3551026,36.504117\",\" 8.526764,36.5703209\",\" 8.800048800000001,36.7113663\",\" 8.905792200000001,36.8136826\",\" 8.970293399999999,36.9366646\",\" 8.974456800000001,37.0069394\",\" 8.9222717,37.034351\",\" 8.8371277,36.9729354\",\" 8.767089800000001,36.9476968\",\" 8.7341309,36.9608658\",\" 8.5487366,36.9180582\",\" 8.4402466,36.8960962\",\" 8.3770752,36.9180582\",\" 8.2699585,36.9180582\",\" 8.2246399,36.9520867\",\" 8.048858600000001,36.8785221\",\" 7.895050000000001,36.8433617\",\" 7.7549744,36.8686349\",\" 7.750854499999999,36.9378185\",\" 7.6519775,36.9641577\",\" 7.5846863,36.9718383\",\" 7.518768299999999,37.0354472\",\" 7.407531699999999,37.0387359\",\" 7.340221799999999,37.0754477\",\" 7.2028852,37.0836586\",\" 7.2550253,36.9416138\",\" 7.104034399999999,36.9048817\",\" \"]","zone_3":"","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":12624,"post_title":"Castanea sativa Mill.","post_content":"Deciduous tree, monoecious, up to 20-30 m in height, rounded in shape. Trunk straight, that can reach 1 m or even wider in diameter, especially in cultivated specimens, with a shorter and thicker trunk. Bark greyish-brown, very dark and longitudinally fissured in older specimens. Young branches and trunks with greenish bark, almost smooth. Branchlets of the current year green-reddish. Leaves opposite, large (10-25 \u00d7 4-8 cm), lanceolate, with coarsely serrated edge, somewhat coriaceous, dark green on the upper side and slightly lighter on the underside. Flowers grouped into long spikes, borne on the leaf axils. Male flowers borne almost throughout the entire spike, forming clusters borne on the axil of an ovate bract. Female flowers, usually 3 at the base of the spike, grouped on a common involucre, ovoid, 4 cm in diameter in cultivated trees, and much smaller in the wild. Fruit or achene is the chestnut. Seed with a hardened crust, reddish-brown, shiny and glabrous outside and whitish-velvety inside. Chestnuts are grouped 1-3 inside a capsule with bristling long spines, which opens into 2-4 valves.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:06","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"castanea-sativa-mill","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 10:05:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/castanea-sativa-mill\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":12624}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"groups_keys_2":false,"title_groups_keys_2":false,"groups_keys_3":false,"title_groups_keys_3":false,"images":false,"yoast_head":"\nCastanea Mill. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Castanea Mill. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genus represented by 9 species, distributed across temperate regions of the Holarctic. In North Africa there is a single species, C. sativa, a tree that is certainly a native species of the most humid mountains of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, although its spontaneity in the region had been in question.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/castanea-mill-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-17T17:52:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/castanea-mill-2\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/castanea-mill-2\/\",\"name\":\"Castanea Mill. - North Africa Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-10T09:01:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-17T17:52:36+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/castanea-mill-2\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/genus\/11486"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/genus"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/genus"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}