{"id":10971,"date":"2020-11-10T08:58:22","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T08:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl\/"},"modified":"2021-09-19T16:49:42","modified_gmt":"2021-09-19T16:49:42","slug":"aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl","status":"publish","type":"family","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl\/","title":{"rendered":"AQUIFOLIACEAE Bercht. &#038; J. Presl."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Family traditionally composed of 4 genera and 400 species of trees and shrubs, with a cosmopolitan distribution. More recent studies only include 3 genera in this family, <em>Ilex, Nemopanthus <\/em>and <em>Prinos<\/em>, with the highest diversity in Latin America. In North Africa it is only represented by the genus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/ilex-l-2\/\"><strong>Ilex<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","name_html":"<strong>AQUIFOLIACEAE<\/strong> Bercht. & J. Presl.","short_name":"AQUIFOLIACEAE","short_description":"","references":"Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K. 1942. <em>Aquifoliaceae. <\/em>in<em> Die Nat\u00fcrlinchen Pflanzenfamilien<\/em>. ed. 2, 20b: [36]-86.","custom_author":"H. Sainz & J. Charco.","genuses":[{"short_name":"Ilex","name_html":"<strong>Ilex<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"H. Sainz & J. Charco.","family":{"10971":{"name_html":"<strong>AQUIFOLIACEAE<\/strong> Bercht. & J. Presl.","short_name":"AQUIFOLIACEAE","short_description":"","references":"Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K. 1942. <em>Aquifoliaceae. <\/em>in<em> Die Nat\u00fcrlinchen Pflanzenfamilien<\/em>. ed. 2, 20b: [36]-86.","custom_author":"H. Sainz & J. Charco.","genuses":[{"ID":"11116","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:17","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:17","post_content":"Genus composed of about 475 species, distributed mainly through subtropical and temperate zones of America. In North Africa it is represented by a single species, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/ilex-aquifolium-l\/\"><strong>I. aquifolium<\/strong><\/a>, distributed through the cooler and more humid areas of the Mediterranean region.","post_title":"Ilex L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ilex-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-19 16:49:11","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-19 16:49:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/ilex-l-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1047","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11116","trid":"114046","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11116"}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"74","ID":10971,"post_title":"AQUIFOLIACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl.","post_content":"Family traditionally composed of 4 genera and 400 species of trees and shrubs, with a cosmopolitan distribution. More recent studies only include 3 genera in this family, <em>Ilex, Nemopanthus <\/em>and <em>Prinos<\/em>, with the highest diversity in Latin America. In North Africa it is only represented by the genus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/ilex-l-2\/\"><strong>Ilex<\/strong><\/a>.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:22","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:22","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-19 16:49:42","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-19 16:49:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10971}},"species":{"13440":{"short_name":"Ilex aquifolium","name_html":"<strong>Ilex aquifolium <\/strong>L.","short_description":"","common_names":"","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Holly.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa<\/em>.: Acebo.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre<\/em>.: Houx.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Kerruch attani, aud ech chuq, abdd\u00e9jisser, aud ech chuq, tasaft-n-yizem.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Tam<\/em>.: Tir'resukt, tiguersal, iguersal, deguersal, abdd\u00ebjisser, igri.","flowering":"March to June.","fruiting":"October to December.","habitat":"Forests (fir, cedar, Portuguese and Holm oak forests) on very different types of substrates, siliceous and calcareous, up to about 2,600 m in altitude. Generally protected within the forest or between large rocky areas that provide the species with shade and humidity. From subhumid to hyperhumid bioclimate, on mesomediterranean and supramediterranean floors.","distribution":"Central and southern Europe, SW Asia and North Africa. In North Africa it is found in the more humid forested mountains of Morocco (central-western Rif, Middle Atlas, High Atlas), Algeria (eastern Tellian Atlas and the Aures and Bellezma massifs), and Tunisia (Krumiria). It has been cited as a native in Jebel Ahkdar (NE Libya) but its presence here seems doubtful.","observations":"","conservation":"Rare but widely distributed species. In the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>, it is listed as Least Concern (LC) at global level (Khela, 2013).","genus":[{"ID":"11116","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:17","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:17","post_content":"Genus composed of about 475 species, distributed mainly through subtropical and temperate zones of America. In North Africa it is represented by a single species, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/ilex-aquifolium-l\/\"><strong>I. aquifolium<\/strong><\/a>, distributed through the cooler and more humid areas of the Mediterranean region.","post_title":"Ilex L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ilex-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-19 16:49:11","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-19 16:49:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/ilex-l-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1047","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11116","trid":"114046","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11116"}],"images":[{"ID":"27480","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:27:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:27:46","post_content":"","post_title":"Ilex aquifolium. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Ilex aquifolium. Twig with leaves and ripe fruits (drupes). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ilex-aquifolium-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13440","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Ilex-aquifolium.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19370","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27480","trid":"118827","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27480"},{"ID":"27482","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:27:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:27:46","post_content":"","post_title":"Ilex aquifolium. 3. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Ilex aquifolium. Twig with leaves and ripe fruits (drupes). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ilex-aquifolium-3-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13440","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Ilex-aquifolium.-3.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19372","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27482","trid":"118828","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27482"},{"ID":"27484","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:27:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:27:46","post_content":"","post_title":"Ilex aquifolium. 4. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Ilex aquifolium. Twig with leaves and ripe fruits (drupes). Jos\u00e9 Quiles.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ilex-aquifolium-4-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13440","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Ilex-aquifolium.-4.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19374","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"27484","trid":"118829","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"27484"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" -5.3833008,35.5456359\",\" -5.4945373,35.519932\",\" -5.5446742,35.4068154\",\" -5.506897,35.2130877\",\" -5.4077601,35.0980116\",\" 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\"]","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":13440,"post_title":"Ilex aquifolium L.","post_content":"Evergreen shrub or tree, dioecious, up to 10-12 m in height, erect, very ramose and dense. When it becomes a tree, it usually has a straight trunk, with smooth bark, slightly or not fissured in the middle and upper parts, greyish-brown. Branches upright, greyish, glabrous. Branchlets greenish, usually puberulent. Leaves (4-12 cm long) from ovate to ovate-oblong, \u00b1 ellipsoid, acute, petiolate, alternate, rigid, with undulate margin with large spiny teeth, sometimes with entire margin (especially in older trees), completely glabrous, bright dark green on the upper side and greenish-yellowish, matt on the underside. Dioecious flowering. Inflorescence axillary in dense cymes, or more rarely, solitary flowers. Flowers 5-9 mm in diameter, tetramerous (rarely pentamerous). Calyx with 4 ovate sepals, greenish and somewhat hairy. Corolla with 4 petals fused at the base, concave, ovate, white or pink; usually with small purple spots, highly visible in bud. Stamens 4, inserted between the petals. Fruits drupaceous, globose (6-10 mm), fleshy, with smooth and deep red, shiny surface, with peduncle of the same length. Seeds 3-5, slightly elongated, triangular in cross section.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:09:15","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:09:15","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ilex-aquifolium-l","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-27 08:45:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/ilex-aquifolium-l\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":13440}},"groups_keys":[],"title_groups_keys":[],"groups_keys_2":[],"title_groups_keys_2":[],"groups_keys_3":[],"title_groups_keys_3":[],"images":false,"ID":11116,"post_title":"Ilex L.","post_content":"Genus composed of about 475 species, distributed mainly through subtropical and temperate zones of America. In North Africa it is represented by a single species, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/species\/ilex-aquifolium-l\/\"><strong>I. aquifolium<\/strong><\/a>, distributed through the cooler and more humid areas of the Mediterranean region.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:17","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:17","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ilex-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-19 16:49:11","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-19 16:49:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/ilex-l-2\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11116}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"74","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.6.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>AQUIFOLIACEAE Bercht. &amp; J. Presl. - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AQUIFOLIACEAE Bercht. &amp; J. Presl. - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Family traditionally composed of 4 genera and 400 species of trees and shrubs, with a cosmopolitan distribution. More recent studies only include 3 genera in this family, Ilex, Nemopanthus and Prinos, with the highest diversity in Latin America. In North Africa it is only represented by the genus Ilex.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-19T16:49:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/aquifoliaceae-bercht-j-presl\/\",\"name\":\"AQUIFOLIACEAE Bercht. & J. 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