A large family with about 609 genera and about 13,673 species, with a tropical and subtropical distribution. These are trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants with simple leaves, inflorescences generally cymose and flowers usually hermaphrodite, actinomorphic. Corollas infundibuliform or generally rotate with 4-5 lobes. Ovary inferior, bilocular and fruit in capsule, berry or drupe.<\/p>\n
An economically important family, including plants such as coffee or quinine. In North Africa most of its species are herbaceous, often thermophytes in poor, ruderal or weedy soils. The only genus with woody representatives of good size is Rubia<\/strong><\/a>, mainly lianas with more or less woody stock.<\/p>\n The other genus of this family that has woody species in North Africa is Plocama <\/strong>Aiton, with 4 species, all of them small chamaephytes, 10-50(80) cm in height, with opposite leaves, tetramerous flowers and fruit in drupe with 2 mericarps.<\/p>\n The largest species is P. reboudiana <\/strong>(Coss. & Durieu) M.Backlund & Thulin [Gaillonia reboudiana<\/em> Coss. & Durieu, Jaubertia reboudiana<\/em> (Coss. & Durieu) Ehrend. & Sch\u00f6nb.-Tem.] (Ara<\/em>.: Sedrat, Cheikh), characterised by its linear leaves, from subcylindrical to cylindrical, fleshy; flowers (in pairs) surrounded by a dense involucre formed by linear bracts, sparse but covered in long white cilia. It grows in the driest areas of the southern Mediterranean region and the northern Sahara, in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.<\/p>\n The other 3 species do not have that showy involucre. More broadly distributed, since it reaches Libya, is P. calabrica<\/strong> (L.f.) M.Backlund & Thulin [Asperula calabrica<\/em> L.f., Putoria calabrica<\/em> (L.f.) DC., Putoria hispanica <\/em>Boiss. & Reut.], with obovate to elliptical leaves, not too fleshy, and flowers grouped in cymes of 6-15. P. brevifolia<\/strong> (Coss. & Dur. ex Pomel) M.Backlund & Thulin (Putoria brevifolia<\/em> Coss. & Dur. ex Pomel) in endemic to Morocco; it is characterised by its small leaves, broadly lanceolate, fleshy, and its solitary flowers. Finally, P. calycoptera <\/strong>(Decne.) M.Backlund & Thulin [Spermacoce calycoptera<\/em> Decne., Pterogaillonia calycoptera<\/em> (Decne.) Lincz.], from the Middle East, from Egypt to Pakistan; in North Africa it only grows in Egypt. It can be distinguished by its linear leaves, somewhat fleshy, and flowers generally solitary.<\/p>\n Fairly common and widely distributed species. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","name_html":"RUBIACEAE<\/strong> Juss.","short_name":"RUBIACEAE","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"H. Sainz & J. Charco.","genuses":[{"short_name":"Rubia","name_html":"Rubia<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"H. Sainz & J. Charco.","family":{"10944":{"name_html":"RUBIACEAE<\/strong> Juss.","short_name":"RUBIACEAE","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"H. Sainz & J. Charco.","genuses":[{"ID":"11218","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:24","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:24","post_content":"Genus composed of about 80 species in temperate and Mediterranean areas, widely distributed across Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes perennial herbs, or unusually small shrubs, often with woody base and climbing lianas. They have characteristic quadrangular stems with hooked retrorse trichomes and verticillate coriaceous leaves, in groups of 4-6, with scabrid margins. In North Africa there are 3 species, \u00b1 lianoid, of which only 1 is clearly woody, R. tenuifolia<\/strong><\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe following species are lianoid, herbaceous perennial plants, sometimes with woody base, rhizomes and stolons, that are found in North Africa in the Mediterranean areas near the coast: R. peregrina <\/strong>L. and R. tinctorum <\/strong>L. The latter, often naturalised from ancient cultivation that were established for its traditional use as dye plant. In the Canary Islands, there is an endemic species, a woody chamaephyte: Rubia fruticosa <\/em>Aiton.","post_title":"Rubia L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-21 16:05:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-21 16:05:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/rubia-l-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1149","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11218","trid":"114080","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11218"}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"65","ID":10944,"post_title":"RUBIACEAE Juss.","post_content":"A large family with about 609 genera and about 13,673 species, with a tropical and subtropical distribution. These are trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants with simple leaves, inflorescences generally cymose and flowers usually hermaphrodite, actinomorphic. Corollas infundibuliform or generally rotate with 4-5 lobes. Ovary inferior, bilocular and fruit in capsule, berry or drupe.\r\n\r\nAn economically important family, including plants such as coffee or quinine. In North Africa most of its species are herbaceous, often thermophytes in poor, ruderal or weedy soils. The only genus with woody representatives of good size is Rubia<\/strong><\/a>, mainly lianas with more or less woody stock.\r\n\r\nThe other genus of this family that has woody species in North Africa is Plocama <\/strong>Aiton, with 4 species, all of them small chamaephytes, 10-50(80) cm in height, with opposite leaves, tetramerous flowers and fruit in drupe with 2 mericarps.\r\n\r\nThe largest species is P. reboudiana <\/strong>(Coss. & Durieu) M.Backlund & Thulin [Gaillonia reboudiana<\/em> Coss. & Durieu, Jaubertia reboudiana<\/em> (Coss. & Durieu) Ehrend. & Sch\u00f6nb.-Tem.] (Ara<\/em>.: Sedrat, Cheikh), characterised by its linear leaves, from subcylindrical to cylindrical, fleshy; flowers (in pairs) surrounded by a dense involucre formed by linear bracts, sparse but covered in long white cilia. It grows in the driest areas of the southern Mediterranean region and the northern Sahara, in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.\r\n\r\nThe other 3 species do not have that showy involucre. More broadly distributed, since it reaches Libya, is P. calabrica<\/strong> (L.f.) M.Backlund & Thulin [Asperula calabrica<\/em> L.f., Putoria calabrica<\/em> (L.f.) DC., Putoria hispanica <\/em>Boiss. & Reut.], with obovate to elliptical leaves, not too fleshy, and flowers grouped in cymes of 6-15. P. brevifolia<\/strong> (Coss. & Dur. ex Pomel) M.Backlund & Thulin (Putoria brevifolia<\/em> Coss. & Dur. ex Pomel) in endemic to Morocco; it is characterised by its small leaves, broadly lanceolate, fleshy, and its solitary flowers. Finally, P. calycoptera <\/strong>(Decne.) M.Backlund & Thulin [Spermacoce calycoptera<\/em> Decne., Pterogaillonia calycoptera<\/em> (Decne.) Lincz.], from the Middle East, from Egypt to Pakistan; in North Africa it only grows in Egypt. It can be distinguished by its linear leaves, somewhat fleshy, and flowers generally solitary.\r\n\r\nFairly common and widely distributed species. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:20","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:20","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubiaceae-juss","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-18 21:23:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-18 21:23:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/rubiaceae-juss\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10944}},"species":{"13275":{"short_name":"Rubia tenuifolia","name_html":"Rubia tenuifolia <\/strong>d\u2019Urv.","short_description":"","common_names":"R. olivieri <\/em>A. Rich.","other_name":"Eng<\/em>.: Narrow-leaved madder.","flowering":"March to May.","fruiting":"In the months following flowering.","habitat":"Clear forests, thickets and rocky outcrops on very diverse substrates. From arid to subhumid bioclimate, on inframediterranean and thermomediterranean floors.","distribution":"Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus, Greece, Crete, Aegean Islands, Turkey, Iraq.","observations":"","conservation":"Uncommon but widely distributed species. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. In the Red List of vascular plants of Egypt (Flora Aegyptiaca <\/em>Vol 1, 2000) R. tenuifolia<\/em> is listed as \u201cEndangered\u201d.","genus":[{"ID":"11218","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:24","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:24","post_content":"Genus composed of about 80 species in temperate and Mediterranean areas, widely distributed across Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes perennial herbs, or unusually small shrubs, often with woody base and climbing lianas. They have characteristic quadrangular stems with hooked retrorse trichomes and verticillate coriaceous leaves, in groups of 4-6, with scabrid margins. In North Africa there are 3 species, \u00b1 lianoid, of which only 1 is clearly woody, R. tenuifolia<\/strong><\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe following species are lianoid, herbaceous perennial plants, sometimes with woody base, rhizomes and stolons, that are found in North Africa in the Mediterranean areas near the coast: R. peregrina <\/strong>L. and R. tinctorum <\/strong>L. The latter, often naturalised from ancient cultivation that were established for its traditional use as dye plant. In the Canary Islands, there is an endemic species, a woody chamaephyte: Rubia fruticosa <\/em>Aiton.","post_title":"Rubia L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-21 16:05:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-21 16:05:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/rubia-l-2\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1149","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11218","trid":"114080","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11218"}],"images":[{"ID":"28506","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:55:51","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:55:51","post_content":"","post_title":"Rubia tenuifolia. 1. 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Emilio Laguna.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-tenuifolia-1-emilio-laguna-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-19 09:32:08","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-19 09:32:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13275","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Rubia-tenuifolia.-1.-Emilio-Laguna.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20396","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28506","trid":"119340","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28506"},{"ID":"28508","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:55:51","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:55:51","post_content":"","post_title":"Rubia tenuifolia. 2. 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Emilio Laguna.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-tenuifolia-2-emilio-laguna-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-26 09:33:36","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-26 09:33:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13275","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Rubia-tenuifolia.-2.-Emilio-Laguna.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20398","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28508","trid":"119341","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28508"},{"ID":"28510","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:55:51","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:55:51","post_content":"","post_title":"Rubia tenuifolia. 3. Emilio Laguna","post_excerpt":"Rubia tenuifolia. Twigs with leaves, flowers and an immature fruit. Emilio Laguna.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-tenuifolia-3-emilio-laguna-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-19 09:32:27","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-19 09:32:27","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13275","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Rubia-tenuifolia.-3.-Emilio-Laguna.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20400","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28510","trid":"119342","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28510"},{"ID":"28512","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:55:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:55:52","post_content":"","post_title":"Rubia tenuifolia. 4. Emilio Laguna","post_excerpt":"Rubia tenuifolia. Detail of twig with leaves and flower. Emilio Laguna.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-tenuifolia-4-emilio-laguna-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-26 09:33:36","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-26 09:33:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"13275","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Rubia-tenuifolia.-4.-Emilio-Laguna.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"20402","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28512","trid":"119343","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28512"}],"map_legend":"","kml":false,"zone_1":"[\" 6.723976100000073,35.37085510000003\",\" 6.70200310000007,35.38107500000007\",\" 6.686982400000034,35.38009520000003\",\" 6.669559500000048,35.37575410000005\",\" 6.651706700000034,35.37015520000006\",\" 6.632388200000037,35.35440830000005\",\" 6.589736900000048,35.33613340000005\",\" 6.574286100000052,35.33011200000004\",\" 6.558151200000054,35.32086800000008\",\" 6.552486600000066,35.31365410000007\",\" 6.561584500000038,35.30587980000007\",\" 6.584416100000055,35.30153840000003\",\" 6.59969330000007,35.29999590000006\",\" 6.632824000000028,35.29663350000004\",\" 6.66526790000006,35.30195730000003\",\" 6.698398600000076,35.31372440000007\",\" 6.729641000000072,35.33165220000007\",\" 6.742943800000035,35.34824500000008\",\" 6.740112300000021,35.36301600000007\",\" 6.723976100000073,35.37085510000003\"]","zone_2":"","zone_3":"","zone_4":"","zone_5":"","zone_6":"","zone_7":"","zone_8":"","zone_9":"","zone_10":"","zone_11":"","zone_12":"","ID":13275,"post_title":"Rubia tenuifolia d\u2019Urv.","post_content":"Small shrub, 40-80 cm in height; scrambling or climbing, with scabrid or glabrescent branches. Leaves grouped in brachyblasts of 4-6 leaves, 0.6-1.8 \u00d7 0.3-0.5 cm, oblong or elliptical, \u00b1 linear, rigid, coriaceous, with clearly visible dorsal vein and scabrid along margins with retrorse hairs and mucronate apex. Flowers small, arranged in axillary cymes shorter than the leaves, with few flowers. Corolla 5-7 mm in diameter, rotate, yellowish-green, with 5 lanceolate lobes. Fruit globose 4-5 mm, drupe-like, black.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:56","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:56","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-tenuifolia-durv","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-26 09:33:36","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-26 09:33:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/rubia-tenuifolia-durv\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":13275}},"groups_keys":[],"title_groups_keys":[],"groups_keys_2":[],"title_groups_keys_2":[],"groups_keys_3":[],"title_groups_keys_3":[],"images":false,"ID":11218,"post_title":"Rubia L.","post_content":"Genus composed of about 80 species in temperate and Mediterranean areas, widely distributed across Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes perennial herbs, or unusually small shrubs, often with woody base and climbing lianas. They have characteristic quadrangular stems with hooked retrorse trichomes and verticillate coriaceous leaves, in groups of 4-6, with scabrid margins. In North Africa there are 3 species, \u00b1 lianoid, of which only 1 is clearly woody, R. tenuifolia<\/strong><\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe following species are lianoid, herbaceous perennial plants, sometimes with woody base, rhizomes and stolons, that are found in North Africa in the Mediterranean areas near the coast: R. peregrina <\/strong>L. and R. tinctorum <\/strong>L. The latter, often naturalised from ancient cultivation that were established for its traditional use as dye plant. In the Canary Islands, there is an endemic species, a woody chamaephyte: Rubia fruticosa <\/em>Aiton.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:24","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:24","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rubia-l-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-21 16:05:53","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-21 16:05:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/rubia-l-2\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11218}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"65","yoast_head":"\n