{"id":10848,"date":"2020-11-10T08:58:15","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T08:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/"},"modified":"2023-03-26T15:58:51","modified_gmt":"2023-03-26T15:58:51","slug":"polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link","status":"publish","type":"family","link":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/","title":{"rendered":"POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. &#038; Link"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Family composed of about 30 genera and 1,160 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and more rarely, woody lianas, widespread throughout almost the entire world. In North Africa it is only represented by the genus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/polygala-l-3\/\"><strong>Polygala<\/strong><\/a>, the genus with the highest number of species worldwide.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","name_html":"<strong>POLYGALACEAE <\/strong>Hoffmanns. & Link","short_name":"POLYGALACEAE","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"A. Lahora.","genuses":[{"short_name":"Polygala","name_html":"<strong>Polygala<\/strong> L.","short_description":"","references":"Paiva, J. 1988. Polygalarum africanarum et madagascariensium prodromus atque gerontogaei generis <em>Heterosamara<\/em> Kuntze, a genere <em>Polygala<\/em> L. segregati et a nobis denuo recepti, synopsis monographica.<em> Fontqueria<\/em> 50: 346 pp.\r\n\r\nPastore, J.F.B., Abbott, J.R., Neubig, K.M., Van Den Berg, C., Mota, M.C.D.A., Cabral, A. &amp; Whitten, W.M. 2019. Phylogeny and biogeography of <em>Polygala<\/em> (Polygalaceae). <em>Taxon<\/em> 68(4): 673-691.","custom_author":"A. Lahora.","family":{"10848":{"name_html":"<strong>POLYGALACEAE <\/strong>Hoffmanns. & Link","short_name":"POLYGALACEAE","short_description":"","references":"","custom_author":"A. Lahora.","genuses":[{"ID":"11495","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_content":"Genus composed of about 620 species, mostly herbaceous. In North Africa it is represented by 16 taxa, most of which are herbaceous. Only <strong>P. balansae<\/strong> could be considered shrubby, but a further 5 species that are somewhat woody at the base of the stems can be cited. These are:\r\n\r\n<strong>P. munbyana <\/strong>Boiss. &amp; Reut. [<em>Polygaloides munbyana<\/em> (Boiss. &amp; Reut.) O. Schwarz], glabrescent, but little or not at all spiny, with quadrangular stems, shortly winged, and with lighter flowers (pink or yellow); endemic to the littoral and sublittoral mountains of NE Morocco (from littoral Bokkoyas towards the E) and the coastal mountains of central-western Algeria.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. webbiana <\/strong>Coss. [<em>Polygaloides webbiana<\/em> (Coss.) O. Schwarz], easily differentiated by its densely pubescent branchlets; present in southern Spain (Malaga) and NW Morocco (calcareous mountains of the western Rif and, although rarer, also in the Middle Atlas, in Bab Metik).\r\n\r\n<strong>P. sinaica <\/strong>Botsch., spiny subshrub, deciduous, smaller than <em>P. balansae <\/em>(up to 0.5 m in height), velvety-pubescent. Racemes lax, terminal, with up to 10 flowers, calyx with membranous external sepals, with a wide green vein, white internal sepals (wings), elliptic, with dense brown-greenish venation. Stony deserts, dried watercourses (wadis), cracks in rocky outcrops in Sinai Peninsula, Negev, Palestine and Arabian Peninsula.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. aschersoniana <\/strong>Chodat, suffruticose plant with somewhat thick leaves with revolute margin, glabrous, linear-lanceolate and short racemes, with few flowers; sepals linear with highly visible green veins. A remarkable endemism to the mountainous areas of NE Libya (Cyrenaica), from the Akhdar Massif to Derna. This species\u2019 closest relatives are in Sicily, Sardinia and mountains in Greece and the Aegean Sea.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. rupestris <\/strong>Pourr. (incl. <em>P. saxatilis <\/em>Desf.), very different from the above for being more herbaceous; leaves membranous, not coriaceous, not deciduous; outer sepals and wings persistent; upper petals larger than the keel and crest highly developed and fimbriate. This is a rare species, but widely distributed across the Mediterranean non-steppic area of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In addition to subsp. <strong>rupestris<\/strong>, a further 2 subspecies are recognised: subsp. <strong>font-queri <\/strong>Pau ex Font Quer, endemic to Morocco, and subsp. <strong>oxycoccoides<\/strong> (Desf.) Batt., a dwarf herbaceous plant with obovate and somewhat thick leaves, present in Algeria and Morocco.\r\n\r\nRelatively common and widespread species, they are not considered threatened, except maybe for <em>P. aschersonia<\/em> that has a small distribution area and of which little is known. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. In Algeria it is included in the List of protected non cultivated flora (Executive Decree 12-03 on 4-Jan-2012). <em>P. sinaica<\/em> var. <em>sinaica<\/em> has been recently listed as \u201cEndangered\u201d (El-Khalafy <em>et al<\/em>. in <em>Phytotaxa<\/em> 502(3): 237-258, 2021).","post_title":"Polygala L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-26 15:57:34","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-26 15:57:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/polygala-l-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1426","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11495","trid":"114172","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11495"}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"38","ID":10848,"post_title":"POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link","post_content":"Family composed of about 30 genera and 1,160 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and more rarely, woody lianas, widespread throughout almost the entire world. In North Africa it is only represented by the genus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/genuses\/polygala-l-3\/\"><strong>Polygala<\/strong><\/a>, the genus with the highest number of species worldwide.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 08:58:15","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-26 15:58:51","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-26 15:58:51","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/family\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"family","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":10848}},"species":{"12615":{"short_name":"Polygala balansae","name_html":"<strong>Polygala balansae <\/strong>Coss.","short_description":"","common_names":"<em>Polygaloides balansae <\/em>(Coss.) O. Schwarz","other_name":"<em>Eng.<\/em>: Thorny milkwort.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Spa<\/em>.: Pol\u00edgala espinosa.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Fre<\/em>.: Polygale \u00e9pineuse.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Ara<\/em>.: Tmeur el rhorab, igyi.\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Tam<\/em>.: N'lifa, tansil.","flowering":"March to June.","fruiting":"April to July; from April to June flowers and ripe fruits can be seen in the same raceme.","habitat":"Cleared forests, thickets and rocky outcrops in low and medium mountains (300-1,800 m). In semiarid to subhumid bioclimate, on inframediterranean and thermomediterranean floors.","distribution":"Southern Spain (Coast of Almu\u00f1\u00e9car, Granada) and SW Morocco. High Atlas, western Anti-Atlas (Num River, S of Ifni) and mountains of Sus, reaching from the NE in the Middle Atlas (near Uauizert) and from the SW to the mountains close to the lower Dr\u00e2a.","observations":"","conservation":"A uncommon species, but it is not considered threatened. Currently, it has not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>.","genus":[{"ID":"11495","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_content":"Genus composed of about 620 species, mostly herbaceous. In North Africa it is represented by 16 taxa, most of which are herbaceous. Only <strong>P. balansae<\/strong> could be considered shrubby, but a further 5 species that are somewhat woody at the base of the stems can be cited. These are:\r\n\r\n<strong>P. munbyana <\/strong>Boiss. &amp; Reut. [<em>Polygaloides munbyana<\/em> (Boiss. &amp; Reut.) O. Schwarz], glabrescent, but little or not at all spiny, with quadrangular stems, shortly winged, and with lighter flowers (pink or yellow); endemic to the littoral and sublittoral mountains of NE Morocco (from littoral Bokkoyas towards the E) and the coastal mountains of central-western Algeria.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. webbiana <\/strong>Coss. [<em>Polygaloides webbiana<\/em> (Coss.) O. Schwarz], easily differentiated by its densely pubescent branchlets; present in southern Spain (Malaga) and NW Morocco (calcareous mountains of the western Rif and, although rarer, also in the Middle Atlas, in Bab Metik).\r\n\r\n<strong>P. sinaica <\/strong>Botsch., spiny subshrub, deciduous, smaller than <em>P. balansae <\/em>(up to 0.5 m in height), velvety-pubescent. Racemes lax, terminal, with up to 10 flowers, calyx with membranous external sepals, with a wide green vein, white internal sepals (wings), elliptic, with dense brown-greenish venation. Stony deserts, dried watercourses (wadis), cracks in rocky outcrops in Sinai Peninsula, Negev, Palestine and Arabian Peninsula.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. aschersoniana <\/strong>Chodat, suffruticose plant with somewhat thick leaves with revolute margin, glabrous, linear-lanceolate and short racemes, with few flowers; sepals linear with highly visible green veins. A remarkable endemism to the mountainous areas of NE Libya (Cyrenaica), from the Akhdar Massif to Derna. This species\u2019 closest relatives are in Sicily, Sardinia and mountains in Greece and the Aegean Sea.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. rupestris <\/strong>Pourr. (incl. <em>P. saxatilis <\/em>Desf.), very different from the above for being more herbaceous; leaves membranous, not coriaceous, not deciduous; outer sepals and wings persistent; upper petals larger than the keel and crest highly developed and fimbriate. This is a rare species, but widely distributed across the Mediterranean non-steppic area of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In addition to subsp. <strong>rupestris<\/strong>, a further 2 subspecies are recognised: subsp. <strong>font-queri <\/strong>Pau ex Font Quer, endemic to Morocco, and subsp. <strong>oxycoccoides<\/strong> (Desf.) Batt., a dwarf herbaceous plant with obovate and somewhat thick leaves, present in Algeria and Morocco.\r\n\r\nRelatively common and widespread species, they are not considered threatened, except maybe for <em>P. aschersonia<\/em> that has a small distribution area and of which little is known. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. In Algeria it is included in the List of protected non cultivated flora (Executive Decree 12-03 on 4-Jan-2012). <em>P. sinaica<\/em> var. <em>sinaica<\/em> has been recently listed as \u201cEndangered\u201d (El-Khalafy <em>et al<\/em>. in <em>Phytotaxa<\/em> 502(3): 237-258, 2021).","post_title":"Polygala L.","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-26 15:57:34","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-26 15:57:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"0","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/polygala-l-3\/","menu_order":"0","post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"1426","element_type":"post_genus","element_id":"11495","trid":"114172","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"11495"}],"images":[{"ID":"28068","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:01","post_content":"","post_title":"Polygala balansae. 1. Jos\u00e9 Quiles","post_excerpt":"Polygala balansae. General aspect in bloom. Jos\u00e9 Quiles.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-1-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 08:34:14","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 08:34:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12615","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Polygala-balansae.-1.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19958","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28068","trid":"119121","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28068"},{"ID":"28070","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:03","post_content":"","post_title":"Polygala balansae. 2. Jes\u00fas Charco","post_excerpt":"Polygala balansae. Twig with flowers and immature fruits (capsules). Jes\u00fas Charco.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-2-jesus-charco-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-18 21:46:53","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-18 21:46:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12615","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Polygala-balansae.-2.-Jesus-Charco.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19960","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28070","trid":"119122","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28070"},{"ID":"28072","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:05","post_content":"","post_title":"Polygala balansae. 3. 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Jos\u00e9 Quiles.","post_status":"inherit","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-3-jose-quiles-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-18 21:46:41","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-18 21:46:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":"12615","guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Polygala-balansae.-3.-Jose-Quiles.jpg","menu_order":"0","post_type":"attachment","post_mime_type":"image\/jpeg","comment_count":"0","translation_id":"19962","element_type":"post_attachment","element_id":"28072","trid":"119123","language_code":"en","source_language_code":"es","id":"1","code":"en","english_name":"English","major":"1","active":"1","default_locale":"en_US","tag":"en","encode_url":"0","pod_item_id":"28072"},{"ID":"28074","post_author":"1","post_date":"2021-01-04 13:33:06","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-04 13:33:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Polygala balansae. 4 Jean-Claude Thiaudi\u00e8re. 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Jose Quiles","post_excerpt":"Polygala balansae. Flower detail. 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Trunk woody, branched from the base. Branches woody, rigid, glabrous, greenish-whitish or greenish-blueish, with rigid lateral and terminal spines, strong and sharp, pulverulent. Leaves small, oblong-linear, concave, coriaceous, glabrous, deciduous. Inflorescence in terminal and lateral racemes, with a spinescent axis, with up to 4 flowers, but frequently solitary or in pairs. Calyx with 5 caducous sepals: 3 outer sepals smaller than 2 inner ones which are petaloid (wings). Corolla intensely dark purple in colour; appears butterfly-shaped, with 3 petals, keel wide with yellow apex; upper petals smaller than the keel and fused to the base of staminal tube; crest, characteristic of the genus, is underdeveloped. Fruit a glabrous and fleshy capsule, suborbicular, highly compressed, with narrow wing, membranous and emarginate, green at first, then turning brown-purple; capsules emerge and mature at the bottom of the raceme, while the raceme is still flowering towards the top.","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 10:08:05","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-balansae-coss","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-22 08:34:14","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-22 08:34:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/species\/polygala-balansae-coss\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"species","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":12615}},"groups_keys":{"42815":{"ID":42815,"post_title":"Chamaephyte up to 0.5 m. 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Caducous sepals","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:58:05","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:58:05","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leaves-coriaceous-or-absent-caducous-sepals","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 10:58:05","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:58:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42816","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42816},"42817":{"ID":42817,"post_title":"Membranous or crassicuscule leaves. Persistent sepals","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:58:42","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:58:42","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"membranous-or-crassicuscule-leaves-persistent-sepals","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 10:58:42","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:58:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42817","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42817},"42812":{"ID":42812,"post_title":"Non-spiny plant","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"non-spiny-plant","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:55:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42812","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42812},"42818":{"ID":42818,"post_title":"Quadrangular stems, shortly winged, glabrous","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:59:23","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:59:23","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"quadrangular-stems-shortly-winged-glabrous","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 10:59:23","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:59:23","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42818","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42818},"42819":{"ID":42819,"post_title":"Rounded stems, pubescent","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 11:00:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:00:08","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rounded-stems-pubescent","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 11:04:05","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:04:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42819","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42819},"42811":{"ID":42811,"post_title":"Spiny plant","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:54:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:54:21","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"spiny-plant","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 10:54:21","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:54:21","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42811","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42811},"42821":{"ID":42821,"post_title":"Subequal outer sepals, wings with highly visible branching nerves","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"subequal-outer-sepals-wings-with-highly-visible-branching-nerves","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 11:02:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42821","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42821},"42814":{"ID":42814,"post_title":"Subshrub up to 0.8(1.5) m in height. Flowers 12-15 mm","post_content":"","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"2","post_date":"2021-10-07 10:56:39","post_date_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:56:39","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"subshrub-up-to-0-81-5-m-in-height-flowers-12-15-mm","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-10-07 10:56:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-10-07 10:56:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?post_type=genus_group_key&#038;p=42814","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus_group_key","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","id":42814}},"title_groups_keys":[],"groups_keys_2":[],"title_groups_keys_2":[],"groups_keys_3":[],"title_groups_keys_3":[],"images":false,"ID":11495,"post_title":"Polygala L.","post_content":"Genus composed of about 620 species, mostly herbaceous. In North Africa it is represented by 16 taxa, most of which are herbaceous. Only <strong>P. balansae<\/strong> could be considered shrubby, but a further 5 species that are somewhat woody at the base of the stems can be cited. These are:\r\n\r\n<strong>P. munbyana <\/strong>Boiss. &amp; Reut. [<em>Polygaloides munbyana<\/em> (Boiss. &amp; Reut.) O. Schwarz], glabrescent, but little or not at all spiny, with quadrangular stems, shortly winged, and with lighter flowers (pink or yellow); endemic to the littoral and sublittoral mountains of NE Morocco (from littoral Bokkoyas towards the E) and the coastal mountains of central-western Algeria.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. webbiana <\/strong>Coss. [<em>Polygaloides webbiana<\/em> (Coss.) O. Schwarz], easily differentiated by its densely pubescent branchlets; present in southern Spain (Malaga) and NW Morocco (calcareous mountains of the western Rif and, although rarer, also in the Middle Atlas, in Bab Metik).\r\n\r\n<strong>P. sinaica <\/strong>Botsch., spiny subshrub, deciduous, smaller than <em>P. balansae <\/em>(up to 0.5 m in height), velvety-pubescent. Racemes lax, terminal, with up to 10 flowers, calyx with membranous external sepals, with a wide green vein, white internal sepals (wings), elliptic, with dense brown-greenish venation. Stony deserts, dried watercourses (wadis), cracks in rocky outcrops in Sinai Peninsula, Negev, Palestine and Arabian Peninsula.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. aschersoniana <\/strong>Chodat, suffruticose plant with somewhat thick leaves with revolute margin, glabrous, linear-lanceolate and short racemes, with few flowers; sepals linear with highly visible green veins. A remarkable endemism to the mountainous areas of NE Libya (Cyrenaica), from the Akhdar Massif to Derna. This species\u2019 closest relatives are in Sicily, Sardinia and mountains in Greece and the Aegean Sea.\r\n\r\n<strong>P. rupestris <\/strong>Pourr. (incl. <em>P. saxatilis <\/em>Desf.), very different from the above for being more herbaceous; leaves membranous, not coriaceous, not deciduous; outer sepals and wings persistent; upper petals larger than the keel and crest highly developed and fimbriate. This is a rare species, but widely distributed across the Mediterranean non-steppic area of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In addition to subsp. <strong>rupestris<\/strong>, a further 2 subspecies are recognised: subsp. <strong>font-queri <\/strong>Pau ex Font Quer, endemic to Morocco, and subsp. <strong>oxycoccoides<\/strong> (Desf.) Batt., a dwarf herbaceous plant with obovate and somewhat thick leaves, present in Algeria and Morocco.\r\n\r\nRelatively common and widespread species, they are not considered threatened, except maybe for <em>P. aschersonia<\/em> that has a small distribution area and of which little is known. Currently, they have not been assessed at a global level in the <em>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/em>. In Algeria it is included in the List of protected non cultivated flora (Executive Decree 12-03 on 4-Jan-2012). <em>P. sinaica<\/em> var. <em>sinaica<\/em> has been recently listed as \u201cEndangered\u201d (El-Khalafy <em>et al<\/em>. in <em>Phytotaxa<\/em> 502(3): 237-258, 2021).","post_excerpt":"","post_author":"1","post_date":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-10 09:01:43","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"polygala-l-3","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-26 15:57:34","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-26 15:57:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":[],"guid":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/genus\/polygala-l-3\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"genus","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","comments":false,"id":11495}],"groups_keys":false,"title_groups_keys":false,"images":false,"phylogenetic_order":"38","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.6.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. &amp; Link - North Africa Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. &amp; Link - North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Family composed of about 30 genera and 1,160 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and more rarely, woody lianas, widespread throughout almost the entire world. In North Africa it is only represented by the genus Polygala, the genus with the highest number of species worldwide.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"North Africa Trees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-26T15:58:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/logo-north-africa-trees.png\",\"width\":80,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"North \\u00e1frica trees\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/\",\"name\":\"North Africa Trees\",\"description\":\"\\u00c1rboles y arbustos aut\\u00f3ctonos del Norte de \\u00c1frica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/\",\"name\":\"POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link - North Africa Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-10T08:58:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-26T15:58:51+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/families\/polygalaceae-hoffmanns-link\/\"]}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/family\/10848"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/family"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/family"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.northafricatrees.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}